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NUTRITON > Biochemistry > Flashcards

Biochemistry Flashcards

1
Q

TEE is what

and what is included

A

Total energy expenditure

includes: BMR, TEF, EEPA

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2
Q

BMR

A

Basal Metabolic Rate
60-80% of TEE
Depends on age, lean body mass, gender and hormones

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3
Q

Who has the highest calories needs

A

an infant

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4
Q

If age goes up what happens to BMR

A

It will decrease

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5
Q

Women vs Men BMR

A

women have 5-10% lower BMR vs Men

men will lose weight faster due to gender and hormones

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6
Q

RQ is important in what disease

A

respiratory disease

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7
Q

If a patient has COPD what would you do

A

increase fat and decrease CHO to lower RQ

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8
Q 
RQ 
CHO
Protein
fat
Mixed
A

cho: 1
protein: 0.82
Fat: 0.7
Mixed 0.85

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9
Q

Indirect calorimetry

A

athletes, ill individual and burned patients

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10
Q

Omega 3,s

Functions:
Sources
Name

A

Functions: TG, Reduces inflammation
Sources: walnuts, salmon, oyster, chia seeds
Name: Alpha Linolenic Acid (omega 3) 3 words

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11
Q

Omega 6’s

Functions:
Def:
Sources
Name

A

Function: Builds fetal nervous system
Def: leads to petechiae and eczema
Sources: soybeans, corn, eggs, fish sallower, rice,
Linoleic acid( Omega 6)

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12
Q

Winterized Oils

A

Corn, soy, cottonseed oil can stand temperature and become winterized and can be stored in fridge
Clear not cloudy

Olive oil can’t be in fridge will become cloudy

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13
Q

Glycoysis

A

Breakdown glucose and makes pyruvate for TCA cycle

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14
Q

Where doe glycolysis happen

A

cytoplasm

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15
Q

where does TCA happen

A

mitochandira

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16
Q

In lack of absence of O2

A

Lactic acid is made

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17
Q

Secretin
Function:
Stimulates:

A

hormone
inhibits gastric acid secretion, gastrin
Stimulated flow of pancreatic juice and water into the duodenum

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18
Q

Gastric

A

hormone
stimulates gastric secretion and gastric motility
released in stomach, duodenum and pancreas

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19
Q

Where is bile produced

where is it stored

A

produced in the liver

stored in Gall Bladder

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20
Q

Types of digestion

A

chemical/enzymatic
mechanical/ muscular
bacterial

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21
Q

Conditionally essential AA

A

In(SISTIN)g to (GLI)de your (GLUT)es in (ARGEN)tina is (PRO)bably (TIR)ing SIR

Cysteine
Glycine
Glutamine
Arginine
Proline
Tyrosine
Serine
22
Q

Elderly are low in

A

Iron and Calcium

23
Q

Gelatin

A

is mostly pork-based and low in methionine and lysine with no tryptophan

24
Q

Alcohol

A

is absorbed in the stomach and the small intes-ne – it is digested / broken down in the
liver

25
Q

Most glucogenic AA

A

Alanine

26
Q

For obese patients and normal patients use which formula

A

Mifflin St. Joer

27
Q

For obese and underweight use which formula

A

ABW Actual body weight

28
Q

If you use Omega 6 instead of CHO

“Corn instead of white rice can lower…”

A

LDL lowers
HDL Increases
can lower the bad cholesterol (LDL)

29
Q

If you use Omega 6 instead of Saturated fat

“Cooking with safflower oil vs coconut oil can lower”

A

TC (total cholesterol) lowers
HDL lowers

can lower TC AND HDL

30
Q

If you use Omega 3 instead of High CHO

“A handful of walnuts as a snack instead of crackers..”

A

TG lowers
TC stays the same

can lower TG

31
Q

Ketone Bodies
1
2
3

A

Acetoacetic acid
Acetone
Beta- hydroxybutyric acid

32
Q

What does it mean if a person has high plasma pyruvate

A

it means deficient is B vitamins ( most likely Thiamin)

33
Q

When acidic chyme enters the duodenum

A

it mixes with fluids and bicarbonate to neutralize the acid

34
Q

essential amino acid

A

TV TILL PMH
Threonine, Valine
Tryptophan, Isoleucine, Leucine ,Lysine
Phenylalanine, Methionine, Histidine

35
Q

PKU what amino acid is needed

A

tyrosine

36
Q

Anabolism

A

build up
require energy

ex: growth hormone, insulin, estrogen

“Anabel is an architect, requires energy to build, and she is type 1 diabetic and needs insulin.”

37
Q

Catabolism

A

breaking down
release energy

ex: cortisol, glucagon, adrenaline

“a cat breaks things and releases energy”

38
Q

When extracellular water increases in relation to Intracellular water

A

health problems
acute inflammation
renal disease

39
Q

extracellular electrolytes

intracellular electrolytes

A

extra: Na Sodium, calcium, bicarbonate

Intra: K Potassium , magnesium, phosphorus

40
Q

Insulin

A

Hormone produced by beta cells of pancreas
Decreases BG levels becomes active when BG levels are high
Stimulates glycogen by increasing glucose uptake in the liver
Stimulates the uptake of Glucose and AA into the cells (Gliosis)
promotes lipogenesis
(Inhibits Gluconeogenesis)

41
Q

Glucagon

A

Hormone produce by alpha cells on the pancreas
Stimulates glycogen breakdown
Becomes active when BG is low
Stimulates the release of fatty acids from TG
Stimulates Gluconeogenesis

42
Q

B6 is important for

A

Pyridoxine is needed to transamination and deamination

43
Q

Nitrogen balance formula

A

Pro(gm/6.25- (UUN+4)

44
Q

MCT’s

A

are ketogenic,
do not need lipase to break down and directly absorbed
MCT –> portal vein –> liver

45
Q

CHO
enzyme,
produced by
site of action

A
  1. salivary amylase, 1. salivary glands 1, mouth
  2. pancreatic amylase 2. Pancreas 2. Small Intestine
  3. Maltase 3. Small Intestine 3. Small intestine
46
Q

Protein
enzyme
produced by
site of action

A
  1. Pepsin 1. Gastric Glands 1. Stomach
  2. Trypsin 2. Pancreas 2. Small intestine
  3. Peptidases 3. Small intestine 3. Small intestine
47
Q

Fat
Enzyme
Produced by
Site of action

A

lipids (Lipase), Pancreas, Small Intestine

48
Q

Essential AA during illness

A

Glutamine, Arginine

49
Q

respiratory acidosis

What caused it

solution

A 
respiratory= lungs
acidosis= ph acidic

Caused by lungs retaining acid
solution: kidney increase absorption of base(Bicarbonate)

50
Q

Metabolic Acidosis

what caused it

solution

A 
Metabolic= kidneys
Acidosis= acidic

caused when the body produced to much acid and kidneys can’t remove

solution: increase respiration, hyperventilate.

51
Q

Metabolic Alkalosis

what caused it

solution

A

metabolic= kidneys
Alkalosis=

caused by: retention of base, vomiting, dehydration, loss of stomach acid or diuretic use

Solution: Decrease air, Hypoventilation.

52
Q

Respiratory Alkalosis

what caused it

Solution

A

respiratory= lungs
alkalosis- base

caused: low blood levels of CO2 during hyperventilation

Solution: kidneys increase exertion of base

NUTRITON (17 decks)

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