MNT and Disease Flashcards
Ulcer
why
MNT
Meds
Monitor
Why: eroded muscular lesions
MNT: Avoid irritants:
Meds: PPI (protein pump inhibitor), Antacid
Monitor b12 and b9-
GERD
why
MNT
Treatment
Medications
Why: Stomach acid comes up, heart burn
MNT: Avoid irritants/acids, eat small/ low fat meals
Treatment: Elevate head at bed , weight loss
Meds: PPI’s, Antacid
Hiatal Hernia
why
symptom
MNT
Treatment
Why: part of stomach pushes into chest
symptom is GERD
MNT: AVOID irritants, late night feedings
treatment: PPI’S surgery loss, antacid
Gastrititis
Why
MNT
Treatment
Why: Inflammation of the lining of stomach due to too much alcohol, injury or infection
MNT: Avoid irritants, Consume clear liquids
Treatment: PPI’s, antacid
Gastroparesis
why
MNT
treatment:
Why: partial paralysis of stomach due to nerve damage, causes delayed gastric emptying (D/t Diabetes)
MNT: Eat small, low fat/ low fiber meals, liquids fat may be okay
Treatment: Prokinetics
Pancreatitis
why
mnt
treatment
Why : the pancreas is inflamed, acute or chronic
digestive enzymes activate and irritate pancreas causing inflammation.
Acute: Happens due to trauma, suddenly, NPO at first, provide IV with elemental EN into jejunum to pass pancreas
chronic: PERT (pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy) help the pt to absorb nutrients, added to jams and jellies low fat diet with fruits veggies,
Lactose Intolerance
why
mnt
sources of low lactose foods:
treatment
WHY: deficient in Lactase ,lactose will move into colon and not process
MNT: lactose free diet healthy individuals digested in small intestines
sources: low lactose: butter, aged hard cheese, probiotic yogurt,
Treatment: Calcium and riboflavin is recommended
Celiac Disease
other names
why
mnt
gluten free foods
None tropical sprue, gluten induced enteropathy.
why: an autoimmune disease allergic to gluten,
MNT: gluten free diet
gluten free foods: rice, corn, potato, sorghum, arrowroot, tapioca, quinoa
Crohn’s disease
why
MNT
treatment
Known at regional enteritis part of IBD
digestive tract inflamed, leading to weight loss, malnutrition affect terminal ileum, needs b12 supplement
MNT: Low residue diet , low fiber diet
Treatment: b12, antibiotics, bowel rest
low residue diet
Ulcerative Colitis
why
MNT
treatment
Why: part of IBD, ulcers in the colon and rectum
affects colon and rectum
MNT: easy digestible foods, soft bland foods ,
Treatment: if medication or diet does not work removing
colon surgery is possible (J pouch)
IBS
why
MNT
treatment
irritable bowel syndrome
affects large intestine, pain cramping, bloating,
MNT: low FODMAP diet, small meals, avoid caffeine, no deep fried foods,
minimize stress
treatment: probiotics
Diverticulosis
Why:
MNT:
why: diverticula form in the lining of stomach
Related to constipation
MNT: high fiber diet to increase the volume and to increase the weight of residue
Diverticulitis
why:
Diet:
Diverticula become inflamed/ infected Clear liquids(will leave stomach faster) low residue , slowly increase fiber
normal fat in stool
Normal fat in stool is 2-5g
above 7g - malabsorption- steatorrhea
Go east on the fiber tiger
- when diarrhea stop: low fiber
- Diverticulitis:
- Gastroparesis
Dysphagia Diet
D1
D2
D3
D1: purees, puddling liked, mashed foods
D2: Mechanically altered (canned fruits)
D3: Avoid sticky, crunchy dry foods
Billroth 1
why:
leads to
MNT treatment:
why: gastric cancer
leads: dumping syndrome, reactive hypoglycemia
MNT:
prevent dumping by not getting full fast
6 small meals a day,
low fiber,
adding butter will slow digestion,
no fluids with meals,
avoid high sugars,
b12 shot if all stomach was removed.
calcium and Vit D
Billroth 2
why
leads
Why: gastric cancer or peptic ulcer disease
leads: dumping syndrome
RYGB Roux-en-y
why
leads
why: for weight loss
leads: dumping syndrome, malabsorption, malnutrition
diet: liquid diet, low sugar after surgery
needs vitamins for life
Acute Viral Hepatitis
why:
MNT:
Meds:
Inflammation of the liver caused by infection
MNT: high fluids, high protein 1-1.2 , low fat, coffee
Meds: MVI (Vitamin D with B complex, zinc, calcium)
Cirrhosis
Why:
MNT:
Why: late stage of scarring called fibrosis, scared tissue is replacing healthy liver tissue
associated with HTN
MNT: high in lean protein, moderate to low fat, MCT, low fiber- with varices low sodium, low fluid with edema
meds: MVI, Vit D, B complex, zinc
Alcoholic Liver Disease
why:
Mnt
treatment
Why: due to alcohol, the liver has build up fat around it, will have high TG
MNT: No alcohol, can lead to malnutrition
Treatment: might need liver transplant
Non Alcoholic fatty liver disease
why:
Diet
Treatment
Why: due to obesity, type 2 and metabolic syndrome
Diet: healthy diet, Mediterranean, coffee
Treatment: lifestyle change: weight loss, increase activity
End stage liver disease
why
Diet
Why: Hepatic failure often due to cirrhosis
The liver fails and is reduced to 25% or less
liver unable to remove toxins
Diet: low NA if edema or ascites present MCT's, high calories diet to prevent weight loss high protein (1.2-1.5)
CAD
why
MNT
Why: caused by a plaque buildup in the arteries
MNT: avoid high fat, high Na diet eat fresh F/V, lean protein
HTN
Diet
Treatment
Dash diet
meds: Diuretics, alpha blockers, ace inhibitors,
heart failure
why:
diet:
control:
Why: weakened heart can’t maintain leading to edema
DASH diet, high protein
heart failure: control edema
Loop patients need to check
thiamin
who needs low residue diet?
Recovering from a recent bowel surgery
During flare ups with Crohn’s disease
Diverticulitis
preparing for a colonoscopy
pattern for the liver
inflammation –> fibrosis –> cirrhosis –> end stage liver disease
If in a coma due to ESLD what is the diet
low protein because the liver can’t convert ammonia to urea
called hepatic encephalopathy.
