MNT and Disease part 2 Flashcards
Addison’s disease
why
mnt
treatment
why: adrenal cortex insufficiency,
MNT: high protein, high salt, frequent meals
treatment: corticosteroids, vitamin D and calcium
Goiter
enlargement of the thyroid gland
avoid goitrogens
cruciferous veg, soy products
Gout
why:
Avoid
Diet
When in Gout don’t drink alcohol
Why: Disorder of purine metabolism
Increase serum acid
Avoid: avoid alcohol, no red meat, seafood, processed foods
Diet: moderate protein, liberal CHO low fat
Galactosemia
Diet:
Diet is the only treatment
needs galactose and lactose free diet
breastfeeding is not recommended
Glycogen storage disease
what is is it
what does it cause
diet
no glucose 6 phosphatase in liver resulting in unable to convert glycogen into glucose leading to hypoglycemia.
low fat diet, consistent glucose feedings
PKU why: Avoid: Supplement Restrict Diet
why: Phenylalanine can't be converted to tyrosine Avoid: aspartame supplement: tyrosine restrict: phenylalanine Diet :need low CHO
Homocystinuria
what is it:
Supplement with:
amino acid disorder
supplement b6 B9 B12
Arthritis
why:
meds:
Diet
Why: inflammation of joints, Meds: antioxidants, anti-inflammatory disease Diet: Mediterranean diet NSAID Aspirin and weight loss
Epilepsy
why
Diet:
Why: abnormal brain activity
Ketogenic diet for children (high in fat 90% calories come from fat) 4 to 1 ratio
Cerebral Palsy
Why:
Why: motor disability
spastic= low calories to prevent obesity, high fiber and fluid to prevent constipation
non-spastic= high calories, high protein, finger foods to prevent weight loss
Paralysis
what is it
Diet
Supplements
inability to move due to injury, stroke 10% below energy needs stage 1-2 = 1.2-1.5 pro/kg Stage 3-4 1.5-2.0 pro then supplement with vitamin C and Zinc
ADHD
name
diet
medications
attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
healthy diet
ADHD medication- weight loss, loss of appetite
Alzheimer’s disease
what is it
diet
type of dementia
diet: finger foods,
avoid distraction,
Mediterranean diet, consistent meal times,
diet low in saturated fats
COPD
what is it
diet:
pulmonary disease, breathing is hard
they require more energy
Small frequent meals with high cal and protein
high fat diet is better
Cystic Fibroses
Pancreatic insuffiency where thick mucus is formed in lungs blocking airways
PERT with meals and snacks that contain fat
high pro, high calories
water soluble, fat soluble vitamin
high salt
Cystic Fibrosis
Pancreatic insufficiency where thick mucus is formed in lungs blocking airways
PERT with meals and snacks that contain fat
high pro, high calories
water soluble, fat soluble vitamin
high salt
MCT with malabsorption
Marasmus
loss of fat severe malnutrition normal or low albumin levels no edema abdomen is not distended
Kwashiorkor
Losing visceral protein low albumin protein deficiency edema is present distended abdomen
Anasarca
low albumin
Anorexia Nervosa
Distorted body image, not eating to lose weight
1: correct electrolyte imbalance
then plan to reintroduce feared foods
Bulimia
Binging and purging
focus on preventing further damage
Class 1
Class 2
Class 3
class 1: 30-34.9
Class 2: 35-39.9 (can have bariatric surgery)
Class 3: above 40 (can have bariatric sugery)
Class 1
Class 2
Class 3
class 1: 30-34.9
Class 2: 35-39.9 (can have bariatric surgery with comorbidities)
Class 3: above 40 (can have bariatric surgery with no comorbidities)
the function of healthy kidneys
to remove waste to remove excess fluid to control blood pressure, regulate sodium and potassium to make red blood cells to activate Vitamin D
Hemodialysis
3-4 times a week
less pro and potassium allowed
hemodialyzer used to remove waste and extra fluid from the blood
done at outpatient center
Hemodialysis
3-4 times a week
less pro and potassium allowed
done at outpatient center
Peritoneal
everyday/ even while asleep
more pro and potassium
done at home
side effects of peritoneal
high blood sugar due to dextrose
weight gain
fever and abdomen pain
Renal Diet
Phosphate binder and potassium binders
low phos, low pos, low sodium, adequate pro
48oz fluid a day
renal MV
acute kidney injury
due to burns, trauma, severe dehydration
1.2-1.5 if catabolic or needs dialysis
1.0-1.3 for non catabolic without dialysis
replace fluid output from previous day +500ml
Nephrosis
increased glomerular which leads to loss of P from the plasma
Nephrosis
increased glomerular which leads to loss of P from the plasma into urine
low protein
fluid restriction with edema
MSUD
inborn error of BCAA
restrict BCAA
bone disorder
type 1
type 2
diet
type 1: women after menopause, white and Asian women
type 2: age related over 70
low salt, fruits, veggies
Neutropenic diet
low bacteria no raw foods, no undercooked eggs no unpasteurized dairy and juice avoid left overs no deli or cured meats
High Phosphorus foods
levels
Dairy Cheese Yogurt Dark Sodas Processed meat and eggs
less then 5.5
If pt. has high phos in dialysis
pulls calcium out of the bones
CKD stage 1 stage 2 stage 3 stage 4
STAGE 1: 90 0.8-1.4
STAGE 2: 60 to 89 0.8-1.4
STAGE 3: 30 to 59 0.6-0.8
STAGE 4: 15 to 29 0.6-0.8
