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Nutr 221 > Vitamin C > Flashcards

Vitamin C Flashcards

1
Q

person who conducted trials to cure scurvy in 1746

A

James Lind

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2
Q

weak sulfuric acid

A

vitriol

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3
Q

Albert Szent-Gyorgyi identified ____ factor

A

antiscorbutic

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4
Q

what are the 2 roles of Vit C?

A

1) cofactor 2) antioxidant

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5
Q

what is the EAR set on?

A

antioxidant role

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6
Q

which enzyme do we lack that prevents us from making our own vit c?

A

L-gulonolactone oxidase

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7
Q

in almost all animals, vit C is made from ___

A

D-glucose

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8
Q

intakes that prevent scurvy we absorb all by ___ transport; intakes close to usual we absorb __% by ___ transport; intakes at megadoses absorb __% by ___transport

A

active; 70, active; 16, passive

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9
Q

what is the criterion for UL?

A

diarrhea

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10
Q

what is storage in cells referred to as?

A

vitamin C pool

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11
Q

high concentrations of vitamin C in ___

A

adrenal glands, brain

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12
Q

pool maximum is at ____mg

A

1500

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13
Q

scurvy begins as pool is

A

300

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14
Q

dioxygenases need vitamin C to make this

A

collagen (lysine–>OHLys, Proline–>OHPro)

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15
Q

ascorbate is a good ___ agent

A

reducing

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16
Q

Fe2+ is called ___, Fe 3+ is called ___

A

ferrous; ferric

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17
Q

vitamin C acts on ___ when involved with neurotransmitters and ___ synth

A

copper; stress hormone

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18
Q

Vitamin C donates ___ electrons in antioxidant reaction

A

2

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19
Q

which enzyme converts dehydroascorbic acid back to ascorbic acid?

A

dehydroascorbate reductase

20
Q

What does GSH stand for?

A

glutathione (tripeptide)

21
Q

what is glutathione made up of?

A

glycine, cysteine, glutamate

22
Q

what does ROS stand for?

A

reactive oxygen species

23
Q

Vitamin C increases ___ absorption

A

iron

24
Q

Fe2+ is reactive and can generate free radicals through the _____ reaction

A

Fenton

25
Q

vitamin C has role to regenerate vit. ___

A

E

26
Q

food sources of vitamin C?

A

fruit+veg (citrus, peppers, broccoli, kiwi), human breast milk, raw organs

27
Q

intake = [ ] x ____?

A

frequency of use

28
Q

food sources of vit. C for aboriginal groups?

A

willow leaf/white cedar tea

29
Q

Vit C is destroyed by:

A

heat, light, oxidation, alkaline solutions

30
Q

how is vitamin C status assessed?

A

plasma lvls, urine excretion (indirect), neutrophil levels (antioxidant lvl)

31
Q

vitamin C is stable in ___ conditions

A

acidic

32
Q

what is the RDA for vit. C?

A

90mg for M; 75mg for F

33
Q

how does RDA change for smokers?

A

+35mg

34
Q

how is EAR set for Vit C?

A

near-max neutrophil concentration w/ min. urinary excretion

35
Q

What are the 4 Hs of Scurvy?

A

hemorrhagic, hyperkeratosis, hypochondria, hematologic abnormalities

36
Q

synthetic form of Vit C in hot dogs/soft drinks?

A

D-erythorbic acid

37
Q

what is purpose of erythorbic acid?

A

use as reductant/antioxidant, work with nitrites (replace sulfites) in cured meats, prevent carcinogens

38
Q

psychological probs due to v neurotrans (vit C role in nerve synth)

A

hyperchondria

39
Q

pallor is because of _____

A

anemia

40
Q

deficiency cause changes in ______

A

tongue, gum, limbs, legs

41
Q

guy who promoted megadoses:

A

Linus Pauling

42
Q

Vit C often used as alternative to ____; concerns raised because acts as _____ when injected at high doses

A

chemotherapy; pro-oxidant

43
Q

ascorbate added to surface of ___ prevent formation of ___

A

nitrated meat; nitrosamines

44
Q

Vitamin C helps with these conditions:

A

cold, cancer, cardiovascular, stress

45
Q

The UL, set at ___mg, is based on _____

A

2; osmotic diarrhea

46
Q

high levels vit C cause ___ because of production of crystallized ___ acid

A

kidney stones; oxalic

Nutr 221 (17 decks)

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