Folate

Question 1

folic acid is _____ form

Answer 1

monoglutamate, synthetic

Question 2

folate is ____ form

Answer 2

polyglutamate, food

Question 3

we absrb folate as ___

Answer 3

folic acid

Question 4

enzymes called ____ remove all Glu except for 1 (folic acid)

Answer 4

conjugases

Question 5

1 DFE=__mcg folic acid in food

Answer 5

0.6 (1.7x more available than folate in food)

Question 6

1 DFE= __mcg folic with no food

Answer 6

0.5 (2x more available than food folate)

Question 7

what is folacin?

Answer 7

term used for the total folate molecules without applying DFE

Question 8

folate enters mostly as ___ with normal dietary amounts

Answer 8

5-methyl THF

Question 9

THF has role in ___

Answer 9

DNA synthesis

Question 10

dietary excess cause folate enter in as ___

Answer 10

DHF

Question 11

methyl-THF –> THF reversible?

Answer 11

no

Question 12

what is methyl trap?

Answer 12

in B12 deficiency, methyl not removed from methyl-THF so THF can’t be used for functions

Question 13

rxn of methyl-THF to THF?

Answer 13

methyl-tHF donate methyl to B12 which donates methyl to homocysteine to make methionine

Question 14

methyl trap can be overcome by ___

Answer 14

ingesting large amounts of folate

Question 15

main symptom of folate deficiency?

Answer 15

megaloblastic anemia

Question 16

how is B12 deficiency masked?

Answer 16

ingesting excess folate, HCY cannot –> MET

Question 17

UL is based on?

Answer 17

prob of excess folate masking B12 deficiency

Question 18

3 probs of folate deficiency?

Answer 18

megaloblastic/macrocytic anemia, neurl tube defects, hear disease/dementia/cancer

Question 19

fortification of flour in USA and Canada, adding ____mcg/day

Answer 19

100

Question 20

example of NDT?

Answer 20

spina bifida

Question 21

for every 5mcmol/L increase in homocysteine, there is ___% increase in risk of heart disease

Answer 21

30-40

Question 22

poor folate is connected with __ cancer

Answer 22

colon

Question 23

why is increasing folate when after have cancer already, might cause ___ of DNA, causing greater cancer progression

Answer 23

hypermethylation

Question 24

static measures of folate?

Answer 24

serum (rise rather quickly) , RBC (better)

Question 25

what happens to tongue in folate deficiency

Answer 25

glossitis (red, painful, shiny smooth surface)

Question 26

food sources folate

Answer 26

legumes, mushrooms, liver, tea, beer, green veg, citrus fruit, fortified white flour

Question 27

secondary deficiency of folate?

Answer 27

drugs (alcohol, anticonvulsants), B12

Question 28

RDA is __, EAR is ___

Answer 28

400; 320 DFE

Question 29

UL for folate?

Answer 29

1 mg for folic supplements/fortified foods

Question 30

genetic variation of MTHFR on position ___; homozygous for ____ instead of cytosine (alanine)

Answer 30

677; thymine (valine)

Question 31

what is the functional measure of folate?

Answer 31

^plasma homocysteine if poor folate (not specific to folate->B6, B12)