Vit. E

Question 1

Vitamin E protects membrane ____ and prevents ______

Answer 1

PUFAs; LDL cholesterol oxidation

Question 2

alpha tocopherol = ___

Answer 2

EH

Question 3

need Vit ___ to regenerate EH from E radical

Answer 3

C

Question 4

what are some non-antioxidant roles?

Answer 4

anti-aging, ^ immunity

Question 5

RDA is ___, EAR is ___ based on ____ test

Answer 5

15mg; 12 mg; red blood cell hemolysis test

Question 6

UL set by ^ tendency to ____ in ___

Answer 6

hemorrhage; animals

Question 7

Vit E intervenes with Vit ___

Answer 7

K (coagulation)

Question 8

why does lack of vit E cause weakened cell membranes?

Answer 8

lack protection against oxidation

Question 9

Vitamin E absorption is approximately ___%

Answer 9

50

Question 10

absorption requires these 4 things

Answer 10

1) bile/pancreatic secretions 2) micelle formation 3) uptake into enterocytes 4) chylomicron synth and secretion need fat

Question 11

food sources of Vitamin E

Answer 11

green leafy vegs, seed oils, nuts, peanut butter

Question 12

safflower oil has ___ vit E than corn oil

Answer 12

more (corn mostly gamma, safflower has alpha)

Question 13

most vit E deficiency caused by ___ factors, such as:

Answer 13

secondary; gene defects lipoprotein synth, premature birth, fat malabsorption

Question 14

condition where can’t transport vit E in plasma, so aT

Answer 14

abetalipoproteinemia

Question 15

deficiency symptoms in humans are:

Answer 15

skeletal myopathy, blindness, reduced RBS alflife, v immunity

Question 16

deficiency symptoms in animals:

Answer 16

reproductive failure, more muscle damage

Question 17

what is the UL?

Answer 17

1 g aT supplements/added (NOT natural)

Question 18

1 g = ____ IU natural, ___ IU synthetic

Answer 18

1500; 2000

Question 19

> __ IU vitamin E increases mortality

Answer 19

400

Question 20

the ___ form of vitamin E has more activity and biological value than ___ form

Answer 20

natural; synthetic

Question 21

2 types of Vit E are ___ and ___ which each have 4 members called:

Answer 21

tocopherol; tocotrienols; alpha, beta, gamma, delta

Question 22

tocopherol has a ___ group, ___ tail, and ___ side chain

Answer 22

polar head; unpolar; saturated

Question 23

tocotrienols have a ___ side chain and are ___ fluid than tocopherols

Answer 23

unsaturated; more

Question 24

beta and gamma have __ missing CH3, delta have __ missing

Answer 24

1; 2

Question 25

aT has __ asymmetric C at positions __, __, __

Answer 25

3; 2, 4, 8

Question 26

RRR stereoisomer called __ so synthetic E shown as ___

Answer 26

d; dI (racemic mixture)

Question 27

in supplements, often in __ form, which makes it more stable although it affects the absorption

Answer 27

acetate