Vit. E Flashcards
Vitamin E protects membrane ____ and prevents ______
PUFAs; LDL cholesterol oxidation
alpha tocopherol = ___
EH
need Vit ___ to regenerate EH from E radical
C
what are some non-antioxidant roles?
anti-aging, ^ immunity
RDA is ___, EAR is ___ based on ____ test
15mg; 12 mg; red blood cell hemolysis test
UL set by ^ tendency to ____ in ___
hemorrhage; animals
Vit E intervenes with Vit ___
K (coagulation)
why does lack of vit E cause weakened cell membranes?
lack protection against oxidation
Vitamin E absorption is approximately ___%
50
absorption requires these 4 things
1) bile/pancreatic secretions 2) micelle formation 3) uptake into enterocytes 4) chylomicron synth and secretion need fat
food sources of Vitamin E
green leafy vegs, seed oils, nuts, peanut butter
safflower oil has ___ vit E than corn oil
more (corn mostly gamma, safflower has alpha)
most vit E deficiency caused by ___ factors, such as:
secondary; gene defects lipoprotein synth, premature birth, fat malabsorption
condition where can’t transport vit E in plasma, so aT
abetalipoproteinemia
deficiency symptoms in humans are:
skeletal myopathy, blindness, reduced RBS alflife, v immunity
deficiency symptoms in animals:
reproductive failure, more muscle damage
what is the UL?
1 g aT supplements/added (NOT natural)
1 g = ____ IU natural, ___ IU synthetic
1500; 2000
> __ IU vitamin E increases mortality
400
the ___ form of vitamin E has more activity and biological value than ___ form
natural; synthetic
2 types of Vit E are ___ and ___ which each have 4 members called:
tocopherol; tocotrienols; alpha, beta, gamma, delta
tocopherol has a ___ group, ___ tail, and ___ side chain
polar head; unpolar; saturated
tocotrienols have a ___ side chain and are ___ fluid than tocopherols
unsaturated; more
beta and gamma have __ missing CH3, delta have __ missing
1; 2
aT has __ asymmetric C at positions __, __, __
3; 2, 4, 8
RRR stereoisomer called __ so synthetic E shown as ___
d; dI (racemic mixture)
in supplements, often in __ form, which makes it more stable although it affects the absorption
acetate
