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Nutr 221 > Iron > Flashcards

Iron Flashcards

1
Q

enhancers of iron absorption

A

sugars, acids, mucin, MFP factors

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2
Q

inhibitors of iron absorption

A

alkaline, polyphenols (tannins), oxalic acid (spinach), phytic acid (prefer Zn), phosvitin (egg yolk), divalent cations

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3
Q

functional iron is primarily ___ iron

A

heme (hemo/myoglobin, heme enzymes)

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4
Q

transport and storage iron is ___ iron

A

nonheme

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5
Q

transport iron is referred to as:

A

transferrin

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6
Q

storage iron is referred to as:

A

ferritin and hemosiderin

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7
Q

Heme= Fe + ?

A

porphyrin

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8
Q

heme synth made from ______ and needs ___ coenzyme

A

glycine/succinate; B6 (PLP)

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9
Q

3 stages of iron absorption

A

1) uptake at BBM 2) transport across cell 3) transport across BLM into plasma

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10
Q

2 forms of nonheme:

A

ferrous (highly reactive), ferric (unreactive)

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11
Q

hepcidin binds ___

A

ferroportin

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12
Q

____% heme absorbed, __% nonheme absorbed

A

3-8; 23

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13
Q

Fe2 is transported to BL by ligands such as ____; at BL it exits thru ____

A

mobilferrin; ferroportin

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14
Q

Fe2–>Fe3 in enterocyte by a copper containing enzyme called:

A

hephaestin

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15
Q

Fe3+ binds to ___

A

transferrin

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16
Q

hepcidin deficiency causes ____

A

hemochromatosis (too much iron in body)

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17
Q

hepcidin is ___ during infections/inflammation as host defense. Why?

A

elevated; limit available iron to invaders

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18
Q

hemosiderin is aggregated ___

A

ferritin (too much!)

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19
Q

Fe2+–>Fe3+ by ___

A

ferritin

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20
Q

plasma Fe–>____ –>RBC

A

marrow (make RBC heme)

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21
Q

uptake of iron into cells depends on ___

A

of TfRs

22
Q

why is iron needed in cell?

A

cytochrome in mitochondria

23
Q

Fe2+–>Fe3+ in all cells except enterocyte, needs this copper containing enzyme

A

ceruoplasmin

24
Q

for every 1 mcg/L plasma ferritin, estimate there is ___mg Fe in storage

A

10

25
Q

best test for storage of iron?

A

plasma ferritin levels

26
Q

storage of Fe in ____ cells is highest

A

reticuloendothelial

27
Q

heme synth requires:

A

glycine, succinyl coA, PLP, Zn

28
Q

highest heme source? Lowest?

A

beef; fish

29
Q

elemental iron is inert but will become ionized in ___

A

stomach acid

30
Q

basal losses of iron each day about ___mg for 70kg person

A

1

31
Q

DRI panel assume about ___% absorption

A

18 (mixed diet)

32
Q

how to find RDA?

A

not SDs, find value at 97.5% percentile

33
Q

RDA for women doesn’t apply to:

A

post menopause, using oral contraceptives

34
Q

vegetarians/vegans need ___x more iron than omnivores

A

2

35
Q

blood donors need ____mg extra Fe/day

A

3.33

36
Q

UL is set at __mg to prevent ____

A

45; GI distress (esp iron supplements, but apply to all sources)

37
Q

why do long distance athletes need more Fe?

A

get foot strike hemolysis

38
Q

____ppl in US have hemochromotosis

A

5/1000

39
Q

hemochromotosis results because of mutation in ___ gene, causing ____ hepcidin

A

HFE; decreased

40
Q

symptoms of hemochromotosis?

A

liver damage (cirrhosis), lose insulin secretion (pancreas damage), other tissue damage (irreversible)

41
Q

how is hemochromotosis detected?

A

high plasma ferritin of over 200 ug/dL but no more hemoglobin

42
Q

how to treat hemochromotosis?

A

avoid Fe, frequent phlebotomy, administer chelator to increase urine Fe losses

43
Q

measuring static status:

A

stores (marrow, plasma ferritin), transport (plasma iron, transferrin)

44
Q

measuring functional status

A

abnormal metabolite (Zn-protoporphyrin), function

45
Q

early negative iron balance is characterized by:

A

lower iron stores

46
Q

how many stages of iron deficiency?

A

3

47
Q

stage one of iron deficiency is characterized by:

A

more apotransferrin and ^ transferrin receptors to try to ^ absorb efficiency

48
Q

stage two of deficiency is called :

A

iron deficient erythropoiesis

49
Q

stage two is characterized by :

A

Zn-protoporphyrin (instead of heme), fewer sideroblasts

50
Q

stage three of deficiency is called:

A

iron deficiency anemia

51
Q

stage tree characterized by:

A

microcytic hypochromic RBCs

52
Q

nails show ____ whn iron deficient

A

koilonychia

Nutr 221 (17 decks)

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