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Neuroanatomy > Visual Pathways > Flashcards

Visual Pathways Flashcards

1
Q

what si the basic structure of the eye

A

3 layers

  • sclera/cornea
  • choroid/ciliary body/iris
  • retina
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2
Q

what is sclera

A

tough CT

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3
Q

what is cornea

A

sp anteriorly of sclera

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4
Q

what si the choroid

A

middle coat major vasculature and sp anteriorly

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5
Q

what are the specialisations of the choroid anteriorly

A

ciliary body nd iris

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6
Q

is the optic nerve middle

A

no more near nasal side

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7
Q

what does lens essential do

A

focus

sparical nature turns things upside down ned backwards

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8
Q

who does lens become round

A

by reducing tension in it

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9
Q

what is the optic nerve myelinated by

A

oligodendrocytes

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10
Q

what si the iris

A

light regulator

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11
Q

what does the sclera and cornea like

A

sclera - white

cornea - transparent

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12
Q

what is function choroid

A

absorbs light - prevents rfelcton

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13
Q

what does ciliary body do

A

produces aq humour

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14
Q

what does retina contains

A

photoreceptors - rods and cones

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15
Q

where is blind spot

A

just lateral of visual field

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16
Q

where is visual axis

A

in midline back to fovea

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17
Q

what is fovea

A

place of highest acuity of vision

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18
Q

what are th two fluid filled cavities of the eye

A

aq humour and vitreous humour

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19
Q

what is the flow of humour aq

A

choroid form ciliary body which secret aq humour behind iris flow to ant chamber

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20
Q

where is aq humour reabs

A

by canal o schlemm

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21
Q

what happens if canal of scheme block

A

build pressure in ant chamber which pressure on lens and pressure retina - blindness - glaucoma

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22
Q

what are suspensory ligament

A

fibres radiate form lens to change shape

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23
Q

what are the two types of receptors

A

rods and cones

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24
Q

what are rods sensitive to

A

in dark and light situation
black and white
very esnitve

25
Q

what are cones sensitive to

A

red
blue
green
less sensitive

26
Q

what happens to cells in repose to light

A

hyperpolarises

27
Q

what do ganglion cels do

A

respond to contrast/ movement, colour/detail

28
Q

what si the topic here fibres form

A

ganglion cells

29
Q

what cells changes ganglion cell function

A

amacrine and horizontal cells

30
Q

does the optic disc have receptors

A

no

31
Q

what si the optic disc used to look at

A

at CNS coated by dura/arachnoid

32
Q

what is fovea centralise

A

point of fixation

33
Q

what happens to optic disc in papillooedema

A

clear edge becomes blurred of optic disc

34
Q

what is the vision like at fovea centralis

A

detailed high resolution colour vision

point fixation thinning of retinal layer

35
Q

what are the reason for high visual acuity

A

thing of retinal layers
lack of rods high conc of cones
low convergence

36
Q

what causes a blind spot at optic disc

A

lack of rods and cones

37
Q

what are the elements of visual athway

A 
optic nerve 
optic chiasm
optic tract
lateral geniculate body - thalamus
optic radiation 
strate cortex - primary visual cortex
38
Q

what is the term the axons do to get to straits cortex

A

radiate

39
Q

trace the pathway of the right visual field

A 
imaged on left retina 
temporal fibres don't cross
nasal fibres cross at chiasm 
right field rep in left optic tract 
relay process in LGN 
project to left primary visual cortex
40
Q

what is meyers loop

A

part of the optic radiation, sweeps back on itself into temporal lobe, just lateral to the temporal horn of the lateral ventricle.

41
Q

what happens when negotiating lat ventricle into banks

A

of calcimine sulcus

42
Q

what happens to sight inv macula when stroke

A

sustain enough blood for sparing vision but loss of peripheral vision

43
Q

what si visual processing

A

info in retina - colour, orientation, form

segregated in pathway and cortex

44
Q

what blood supply is to visual processing visual cortex

A

lately post cerebral

45
Q

what is blood supply which lead to macular sparing i stroke

A

post/middle cerebral arteries overlap at occipital lobe

46
Q

what is monocular vision

A

meaning curtain coming down altitudinal loss of vision (in one eye or two if binocular) ut optic nerve behind eye

47
Q

what is bitemporal hemaniopia

A

blindness coz outer half of both the right and left - cut at chiasm

48
Q

what is Homonymous hemianopia

A

loss of half of the field of view on the same side in both eyes cut further back form chasm one side

49
Q

what is Upper quandrantanopia

A

loss of vision in the same lower or upper quadrant cut during radiation to cortex

50
Q

what is the pupillary reflex

A

when light shine in eye pupil contract bilateral

51
Q

what happens in pupillary reflex

A

light in to pretectal region
oculomotor nuclei
ciliary ganglion
contract pupil

52
Q

what is accommodation rfele

A

when look to distance to something close

53
Q

what does accommodation produce

A

lens thickening - ciliary muscle
pupillary constriction - increase field depth
convergence of eyes - medial recti

54
Q

what is ‘normal vision’

A

able to focus both distant and near objects

55
Q

what is myopia

A

short sighted
able to focus near
unable to focus far
eye ball too long

treat - concave lens to diverge light

56
Q

what is hyperopia

A

long sighted
unable to focus near objects
able to focus distant objects
eye ball relatively too short

treat - convex lens to converge light

57
Q

what is presbyopia

A

normal age change
gradual loss accommodation
lens less elastic
ciliary muscle weaker

treat - convex lens t converge light

58
Q

what are saccades

A

jumps from opposite frontal eye fieldncannot do smoothly

59
Q

what are pursuit movements

A

smooth move to sep objects fixed on fovea

in assc cortex same side

Neuroanatomy (20 decks)

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