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Neuroanatomy > Speech > Flashcards

Speech Flashcards

1
Q

what is phonation

A

generation of sound by vocal folds setting the air particles into vibration

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2
Q

how is the sound modified to produce specific complex speech

A

resonance

articulation

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3
Q

what happens when vocal folds vibrate

A

voiced sounds

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4
Q

what happens when unvoiced (breathed) sounds

A

vocal folds don’t vibrate

articulated only - ss, p, ff

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5
Q

what structures involved in phonation

A

resp system

larynx - vocal fold

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6
Q

what are the structures involved in resonance

A

pharynx

orala nd nasal cavs

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7
Q

what structures involved in articulation

A

lips
tongue
teeth
palate

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8
Q

what are the main features of larynx

A 
hyoid bone 
thyrohyoid mem
thyroid cart
arytenoid cart
vestibular ligament
vocal ligament 
cricothyroid mem
cricoid cart
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9
Q

what are the internal struures at thyroid cart assc with speech

A 
thyroid cart
vocal ligament
arytenoid cart
vocals muscle
lateral cricoarytenoid muscle
transverse arytenoid muscle 
sup pharyngeal cons
post cricoarytenoid muscel
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10
Q

what produces sound

A

phonation - vibration over vocal folds

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11
Q

what must be brought together for phonation

A

vocal folds

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12
Q

what is phonation initiated by

A

active closing of vocal folds

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13
Q

what causes the passive vibration of folds

A

expired air

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14
Q

what is the myoelastic aerodynamic theory

A 
folds close 
air pressure builds up from expiration 
pressure open fold
air rush thro
vocal folds close off due to - elasticity and decrease in pressure
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15
Q

what kind of process is myoelastic aero….

A

passive and repeats

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16
Q

what is the bernoulli effect

A

when vocal folds close due to decrease in pressure
flow thor narrow costristion
velocity inc pressure dec

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17
Q

what is phonation freq for men

A

125 Hz

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18
Q

what is the phonation freq for woman

A

> 200 Hz

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19
Q

what is the phonation freq for children

A

> 300 Hz

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20
Q

what is the freq of phonation determined by

A

size vocal fold
fold tension
force of exp

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21
Q

what si the size of the vocal folds

A

men - 17-24mm

woman - 13-17mm

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22
Q

how does fold tension come about in relation to frequency

A

inc tension inc frequency

vocals muscle

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23
Q

what is resonance

A

vibration of large amplitude produced by a relatively small vibration as natural frequency of resonating system

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24
Q

what is natural frequency linked to

A

shape/volume

material

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25
Q

what does resonance contribute to

A

selective amplification

vowels

26
Q

what does articulation contribute to

A

interruption of sound
partial
complete

27
Q

what are the principle resonating cavities

A

larynx
pharynx
nasal
orall

28
Q

what happens in nasal cav

A

fixed shape and vol

but can divert air into or away from them

29
Q

what happens in oral can

A

subject to much change in vol and shape

position of tongue can change shape of oral cav

30
Q

what pathological changes can alter voice sounds

A

nasal blockage

cleft palate

31
Q

how are vowel sounds usually made

A

usually nasal cav sealed off by soft palate
tongue alters shape of resonating chambers
shape lips

32
Q

what is diphthong

A 
greek with 2 sounds 
2 vowels sounds in rapid succession 
ee
ah
oo
33
Q

what are the consonants produced by

A

articulation

34
Q

what is air flow impeded by

A

tongue
teeth
lips

35
Q

what is plosive

A

complete stoppage of air

36
Q

what is nasal sound

A

obstruction in mouth but nasal passage open

37
Q

what is a fricative sound

A

partial stopping only

38
Q

what is a affricative sound

A

partial stoppage with rapid release of air

39
Q

explain a plosive situ p and b

A

bilabial
complete stoppage
nasal passage closed

40
Q

explain a plosive situ d and t

A

alveolar
complete stoppage in mouth
closed nasal passage
lips apart

41
Q

explain a plosive situ k and g

A

palate
complete stoppage in mouth
closed nasal passage
lips apart

42
Q

explain a nasal situ for m

A

bilabial
partial stoppage in mouth
escape thro open nasal passage

43
Q

explain a nasal situ for n

A

alveolar
partial stoppage in mouth
escape thor nasal passage
lips apart

44
Q

explain the nasal situ for ng

A

soft palate
partial stoppage in mouth
escape though open nasal passage
lips apart

45
Q

explain fricative fro f an dv

A

labio-dental
partial release of air
closed nasal passage

46
Q

what is the fricative for th

A

lingua-dental
partial release of air
closed nasal passage

47
Q

what si the fricative sounds explanation for s, z

A

alveolar
air passing between tongue and anterior palate
closed nasals passage

48
Q

what is the sound explanation for affricative for sh, ch, j

A

greater part of tongue contact or just out of contact with the hard palate
partial release of air
closed nasal passage

49
Q

what si the ‘lateral’ consonant

A

l

air forced to leave side of mouth

50
Q

what si the ‘rolled’ consonant

A

r

rapid vibration f tongue

51
Q

what are some semi-vowel consonants

A

w y

special ways of starting or ending vowels

52
Q

what dental features can influence speech

A 
tooth loss - esp ant
removable prosthodontics - dentures
orthodontic - too position 
fixed prosthodontics - crown
occlusal splints
53
Q

what are 2 distinct capabilities assc with control of speech

A

comprehension

expression

54
Q

what hemisphere process speech control

A

left

55
Q

what si the phrase when brain transfers control to right hemisphere

A

CNS plasticitiy

56
Q

where is brocas area

A

left frontal lobe

close to motor cortex

57
Q

what is role of brocas area

A

production of speech
coord breathing and muscles to speak
word fomation

58
Q

what happens if lesion at brocas area

A 
broca's aphasia 
non fluent aphasia 
expressive aphasia
loss of fluent speech 
understand fine
59
Q

where is wernicke’s ares

A

located left cortex junction between parietal and temporal lobe

60
Q

what does wernickes area receive inputs from

A

visual cortex - read comprehension and describe what see

auditory - understand spoken words

Neuroanatomy (20 decks)

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