Speech Flashcards
what is phonation
generation of sound by vocal folds setting the air particles into vibration
how is the sound modified to produce specific complex speech
resonance
articulation
what happens when vocal folds vibrate
voiced sounds
what happens when unvoiced (breathed) sounds
vocal folds don’t vibrate
articulated only - ss, p, ff
what structures involved in phonation
resp system
larynx - vocal fold
what are the structures involved in resonance
pharynx
orala nd nasal cavs
what structures involved in articulation
lips
tongue
teeth
palate
what are the main features of larynx
hyoid bone thyrohyoid mem thyroid cart arytenoid cart vestibular ligament vocal ligament cricothyroid mem cricoid cart
what are the internal struures at thyroid cart assc with speech
thyroid cart vocal ligament arytenoid cart vocals muscle lateral cricoarytenoid muscle transverse arytenoid muscle sup pharyngeal cons post cricoarytenoid muscel
what produces sound
phonation - vibration over vocal folds
what must be brought together for phonation
vocal folds
what is phonation initiated by
active closing of vocal folds
what causes the passive vibration of folds
expired air
what is the myoelastic aerodynamic theory
folds close air pressure builds up from expiration pressure open fold air rush thro vocal folds close off due to - elasticity and decrease in pressure
what kind of process is myoelastic aero….
passive and repeats
what is the bernoulli effect
when vocal folds close due to decrease in pressure
flow thor narrow costristion
velocity inc pressure dec
what is phonation freq for men
125 Hz
what is the phonation freq for woman
> 200 Hz
what is the phonation freq for children
> 300 Hz
what is the freq of phonation determined by
size vocal fold
fold tension
force of exp
what si the size of the vocal folds
men - 17-24mm
woman - 13-17mm
how does fold tension come about in relation to frequency
inc tension inc frequency
vocals muscle
what is resonance
vibration of large amplitude produced by a relatively small vibration as natural frequency of resonating system
what is natural frequency linked to
shape/volume
material
what does resonance contribute to
selective amplification
vowels
what does articulation contribute to
interruption of sound
partial
complete
what are the principle resonating cavities
larynx
pharynx
nasal
orall
what happens in nasal cav
fixed shape and vol
but can divert air into or away from them
what happens in oral can
subject to much change in vol and shape
position of tongue can change shape of oral cav
what pathological changes can alter voice sounds
nasal blockage
cleft palate
how are vowel sounds usually made
usually nasal cav sealed off by soft palate
tongue alters shape of resonating chambers
shape lips
what is diphthong
greek with 2 sounds 2 vowels sounds in rapid succession ee ah oo
what are the consonants produced by
articulation
what is air flow impeded by
tongue
teeth
lips
what is plosive
complete stoppage of air
what is nasal sound
obstruction in mouth but nasal passage open
what is a fricative sound
partial stopping only
what is a affricative sound
partial stoppage with rapid release of air
explain a plosive situ p and b
bilabial
complete stoppage
nasal passage closed
explain a plosive situ d and t
alveolar
complete stoppage in mouth
closed nasal passage
lips apart
explain a plosive situ k and g
palate
complete stoppage in mouth
closed nasal passage
lips apart
explain a nasal situ for m
bilabial
partial stoppage in mouth
escape thro open nasal passage
explain a nasal situ for n
alveolar
partial stoppage in mouth
escape thor nasal passage
lips apart
explain the nasal situ for ng
soft palate
partial stoppage in mouth
escape though open nasal passage
lips apart
explain fricative fro f an dv
labio-dental
partial release of air
closed nasal passage
what is the fricative for th
lingua-dental
partial release of air
closed nasal passage
what si the fricative sounds explanation for s, z
alveolar
air passing between tongue and anterior palate
closed nasals passage
what is the sound explanation for affricative for sh, ch, j
greater part of tongue contact or just out of contact with the hard palate
partial release of air
closed nasal passage
what si the ‘lateral’ consonant
l
air forced to leave side of mouth
what si the ‘rolled’ consonant
r
rapid vibration f tongue
what are some semi-vowel consonants
w y
special ways of starting or ending vowels
what dental features can influence speech
tooth loss - esp ant removable prosthodontics - dentures orthodontic - too position fixed prosthodontics - crown occlusal splints
what are 2 distinct capabilities assc with control of speech
comprehension
expression
what hemisphere process speech control
left
what si the phrase when brain transfers control to right hemisphere
CNS plasticitiy
where is brocas area
left frontal lobe
close to motor cortex
what is role of brocas area
production of speech
coord breathing and muscles to speak
word fomation
what happens if lesion at brocas area
broca's aphasia non fluent aphasia expressive aphasia loss of fluent speech understand fine
where is wernicke’s ares
located left cortex junction between parietal and temporal lobe
what does wernickes area receive inputs from
visual cortex - read comprehension and describe what see
auditory - understand spoken words
