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Neuroanatomy > Cell Biology of Nervous System > Flashcards

Cell Biology of Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

what were the two original theories as to what the nervous system was? What one is correct

A

Ramon y Cajal - system of individual cells that communicate - this is correct

Camimllo Golgi - interconnected city of cells

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2
Q

what are nerve cells effectively

A

electrical cells

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3
Q

what do nerve cells create

A

AP’s

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4
Q

what are the two ways nerve cells communicate

A

chemically and electrically

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5
Q

what is the CNS and what does it do

A

CNS - Braina nd spinal cord
process info
transport thro higher centres

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6
Q

what is the PNS and what does it do

A

Peripheral Neves outwit CNS

colect info sensory from periphery from enviro and back to CNs and back

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7
Q

what re neurons

A

building blocks of nervous system act as link in chain

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8
Q

what are processes

A

important functioning unit which allow communication

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9
Q

what nervous system has more processes

A

cNS more dendrites

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10
Q

what are glial cells

A

support cells

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11
Q

why do nerve cells need support cells

A

very delicate and help with function etc haha

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12
Q

how do nerve cells communicate

A

by secretion

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13
Q

what are the approximation of neutrons and glial cells

A

100 billion neurons with X10 more supporting glial cells

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14
Q

what is a neon a modified version of

A

secretory cell modified

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15
Q

what transports the neurtotrans

A

microtubules in axon

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16
Q

what are some parts of basic neurone cell structure

A 
dendrites
nucleus
cell body
axon hillock 
axon
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17
Q

how is the cytoplasm packed

A

very densely packed cyto a lot going on

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18
Q

what does the nerve cell body contain

A

rER nd ribosomes = proteins and mems

create cell process and vesicles

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19
Q

how are neurons classified

A

number of processes

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20
Q

what are the classification

A

unipolar
pseudo unipolar
bipolar
multipolar

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21
Q

what are pseudounipolar

A

one process no dendrites associated very rare to see fused dendrites

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22
Q

what is unipolar

A

a single process but no dendrites

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23
Q

when a single dendrite and the axon fuse during development

A

pseudounipolar

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24
Q

what are bipolar axons

A

an axon and the one dendrite

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25
Q

what is an example of a bipolar axon

A

special senses - eye, ear, nose

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26
Q

are bipolar axons common

A

not very more so than unipolar

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27
Q

what si the most common axon

A

multipolar

28
Q

what is multipolar

A

many dendrites and one axon

29
Q

what is a pyramidal cell an example of

A

multipolar, in cerebral cortex a lot of communication in CNS in brain

30
Q

what do interneurons do

A

very short axons communication interconnecting cells

31
Q

what are synapses

A

specialised intercellular gaps

32
Q

what are the types of synapse

A

neuron - neuron axodendritic

neuromuscular junctions

33
Q

what is the axon end bulb

A

the site of chemical neurotrans release

34
Q

what is anterograde and retrograde movement

A

anterograde - from cell body down microtubules to end synapse
retrograde- back to axon

35
Q

what moves with anterograde trans

A

neurotransmitters

36
Q

what moves with retrograde trans

A

mito, dammaged mem to cell body

37
Q

how do synapse vesicles throw out contents

A

exocytosis

38
Q

what does each vesicle add to the presynaptic membrane

A

tiny lumps add to membrane not good if too much

39
Q

what are the stages of vesicle secretion

A

vesicle tether to membrane then dock then fuse nd release

40
Q

how are membranes recycled

A

using clatheri baskets

41
Q

what process does clatherin baskets use to recycle excess membrane

A

endocytosis

42
Q

what kind of movement does the clatherin basket use

A

retrograde movement

43
Q

what is the other method of preventing too much build of presyn mem

A

kiss and run

44
Q

what is the kiss and run method

A

the vesicle docks an releases some product but not all. then closes and vesicle leaves

45
Q

which method has a larger peak of product

A

fully docking and release not kiss and run

46
Q

how are th dendrites described

A

as a dendritic tree as process branch

47
Q

what does more dendritic spines mean

A

more interaction with surrounding cells

48
Q

what happens with repeated stimulation to dendrite

A

modification of dendritic spines

49
Q

what s modification of dendritic spines called

A

long term potentiation

50
Q

what is long term potentiation an example of

A

learning in the CNS

51
Q

what doe myelin do

A

facilitate conduction as is an insulating coat

52
Q

what si myelin structure along the axon like

A

wraps around th axon in internodes with discontinuous nodes of ranvier between internodes

53
Q

whats the difference of the myelination of the CNS and PNS

A

CNS - oligodendrocyte 1:many

PNS - Schwan cells 1:1

54
Q

what is an astrocyte

A

star like

strutural, metabolic, mechanical support of neurons

55
Q

what is and oligodendrocyte

A

myelination of axons in CNS

56
Q

what is microglia

A

aka macrophages

scavengers that phagocytose foreign matter

57
Q

what are perivascular cells

A

similar to microglia but near blood vessels

58
Q

what are schwann cells

A

myelination and trophic support of PNS

also involved in growth and repair

59
Q

what are activated T lymphocytes

A

enter CNS for surveillance ensuring only ‘self’ cells

60
Q

what are ependymal cells

A

line cavities , modified epithelia

61
Q

what are support cells called

A

glial cells

62
Q

what are some examples of glial cells

A 
astrocytes 
microglia
activated t lymphocytes 
oligodendrocyte 
schwann cells 
ependymal cells 
perivascular cells
63
Q

what does the blood brain barrier do

A

protects brain from potentially toxic substances

maintain fluid enviro for neurons and glia

64
Q

what do the tight junctions of the BB barrier do

A

restrict access to large molecules

65
Q

what helps transfer important metabolites form blood to neurons

A

astrocyte end foot process in BB Barrier

Neuroanatomy (20 decks)

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