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Neuroanatomy > Pain & Nociception 1 > Flashcards

Pain & Nociception 1 Flashcards

1
Q

what are some plural pains

A

dentine sensitivity
caries
trauma
cracked cusp

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2
Q

what is dentine sensitivity

A

expo dentine irritates the pulp as they are inseparable, bacteria prod toxins which = inflam

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3
Q

what is cracked cusp

A

restoration sill alive (amalgam) cusp fracture fell pain from hot/cold and biting down due to inflam at apex

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4
Q

what is the pain associated with the periodontium

A

typically abscess (apical pulp died off)

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5
Q

what is dry socket pain

A

socket doesn’t heal properly, clot comes out open socket and bone gets infected (osteitis)

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6
Q

what are CMD’s

A

cranio mandiular disorders (TMJ problems)

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7
Q

what are the CMD’s that can be present

A

TMJ

Masticatory muscles

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8
Q

what can be the pain assc with the salivary glands

A

blocked duct = drier mouth but more imp when eat alive prod and is blocked = infected and swollen duct

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9
Q

what is the pain assc with sinusitis

A

symptoms can manifest as both pain

sore when pt moves head

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10
Q

what are some neuropathic pains

A 
dysesthesia 
trigeminal neuralgia
deafferntation 
neuroma 
post hepatic neuralgia 
burning mouth syndrome
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11
Q

what is dysesthsia

A

pain from damage of peripheral nerves

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12
Q

what is trigeminal neuralgia

A

idea of cutting someones spinal trigeminal tract

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13
Q

what is deafferation

A

nerves cut sometimes die off

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14
Q

what is a neuroma

A

formed from deafferation ball nerves spontaneously active

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15
Q

what is post hepatic neuralgia

A

assc with skin deramotme and zoster virus

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16
Q

what is burning mouth syndrome

A

not well known just burning sensation assc with mouth

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17
Q

what are a few headache types assc wit pain

A

migraines

temporal (giant cell) arteritis

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18
Q

what is temporal (giant cell) arthritis

A

arteries become inflam in head and neck

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19
Q

what is pain the only possible outcome of

A

a noxious stimulus

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20
Q

what are the non sensory effects of a nociceptive stimulus

A

protective reflexes
CVD reflexes
alertness

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21
Q

what are non sensory effects of thermorecetptive stim

A

thermoreg reflex
sweating
shivering

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22
Q

what are non sensory effects of mechanoreceptive tim

A

reflexes
stretch
protective
salivary

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23
Q

what are non sensory effects of proprioceptive stim

A

stretch reflexes

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24
Q

what are non sensory effects of gustation stim

A

salivary reflexes

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25
Q

what si the definition of pain

A

an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience assc with actual or potential tissue damage

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26
Q

what does the experience of pain depend on

A

usually strength stim or degree tissue damage
adrenaline
emotions
past experience of pain
ability to comprehend causes/consequences

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27
Q

what are other sensations of pain

A

mechanical - segmental controls - dull pain down
other pains - diffuse noxious inhibit controls
(one pain cancels out other)

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28
Q

what is nocicieption

A

th activation of neural pathways by stimuli that damage or threaten to damage tissue - process

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29
Q

what is noxious stimulus

A

potentially damaging stimulus - e.g. hot water

30
Q

what is nociceptive stimulus

A

a stimulus that activates nociceptive pathways ( in research electrical stim)

31
Q

what does pains usually signify

A

something is wrong

  • caries
  • abscess
  • TMJ
  • Fracture
32
Q

what does it mean if there is pain in healthy areas

A

refereed pain

  • jaws- sinuses
  • cardiac pain in left arm
  • phrenic pain in neck
33
Q

is pain useful

A

learning process

  • avoid further damage
  • future avoidance
34
Q

what are the types of pain

A

acute (fast, sharp, slow, brurning)

chronic(long lasting pain)

35
Q

what are the dimensions of pain

A

sensory - discriminative
- quality, intensity, location
affective - emotional aspects

36
Q

what does sensory nervous system do

A

informs the CNS of the internal nd external enviro

37
Q

what us the role of the nociceptive system

A

is to signal the threat or occurrence of injury

38
Q

where are nociceptors especially present in the body

A

cornea and tooth pulp- where pain is the predominant sensation

39
Q

where are nociceptors lacking in the body

A

brain
liver
lung parenchyma

40
Q

how can u study pain and nocicceptrion in animals

A

nociception - electrophysical records
vocalisation - behavioural
reflex studies

41
Q

how can you study pain and nocicception in humans

A

microneurography
psychophysical studies
blister studies
reflex studies

42
Q

what are nociceptors

A

receptors that respond to noxious/nociceptive stimuli

43
Q

what are nociceptors classified by

A

parent axon

stimulus

44
Q

what is nociceptor anatomy

A

free nerve ending
C - fine unmyelinated
A beta - fine myelinated

45
Q

what are some nociceptor parent axons

A

C - fine unmylinated, slow burning pain

A beta - fine myelinated, fast sharp pain

46
Q

what are the predominant nerve fibres in tooth pulp

A

A beta

47
Q

where is double pain associated

A

in limbs as in head and neck too short a distance to get double pain

48
Q

what are the A fibre nociceptors

A

mechanical - respond to strong mechanical stimuli

polymodal - respond to all noxious stimuli

49
Q

what are the C fibre nociciepors

A

non specific

polymodal

50
Q

what si direct nocciceptiive transduction

A

stimulus acts directly on nerve ending (mechanical, chem, thermal)
mem perm changes - graded potential

51
Q

whats indirect nociceptor transduction

A

tissue injury/ inflam

chems released -> nerve ending

52
Q

what is mechanical nociceptor transduction

A

stimulus - pinch, pressure

mech sensitive ion channels

53
Q

what are thermal nociceptor transduction

A

vanilloid receptors

TRPV1/2 - 1 activated by capsaicin burning pain

54
Q

what are allogenic substances

A

pain producing substances

55
Q

what chemicals are activate nocicipetove nerve endings

A

ATP
H+
K+

56
Q

what chemicals activate or sensitise nocicipetive nerve endings

A

bradykinin
histamine
serotonin

57
Q

what does sensitising nerve endings do

A

it makes the more responsive, doesn’t take as much stimulus to push nerve to threshold

58
Q

what chemicals are sesnitze nocicpeitive nerve endings

A

prostaglandins

59
Q

what s substance P

A

present in fine peripheral fibres

role in central transmission

60
Q

what releases substance P

A

from free nerve endings

  • vasodilation
  • mast cell deg
  • axon reflex
61
Q

what is axon reflex

A

by activating nerve ending cause sub P released

backfire up another branch

62
Q

what is orthodromic

A

if enough graded potential causes fire to CNS

63
Q

what is antidromic

A

backfire up to another branch back o periphery

localised path, AP causes activation release sub P

64
Q

what can substance P do

A

sensitise system

cause mast cell to release serotonin and/or histamine

65
Q

what do +/- axon reflexes so

A

effects produce peripheral sensitisation - lowers threshold

66
Q

what is allodynia

A

pain produced by a stimulus that would not normally produce pain - sunburn

67
Q

what is an analgesic

A

pain killer

68
Q

what are COX inhibitors

A

block prostaglandin formation
NSAID
- ibuprofen, aspirin
non selective COX inhib

69
Q

what do COX enzymes do

A

make prostanglandisn

70
Q

what are the two types of prostaglandins

A

physiological

  • gastric protection
  • haemostasis
  • vasodilation

inflammatory
- pain and inflam

Neuroanatomy (20 decks)

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