Cerebellum Flashcards

1
Q

what does the cortex do

A

say what is to be done

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2
Q

what does the basal ganglia and cerebellum do

A

how something is o be done

quality and organisation of movement

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3
Q

what kind of matter is basal ganglia

A

grey matter

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4
Q

what does the basal ganglia sp do

A

receive and prices info form cerebral cortex
feedback info to cortex via thalamus
no direct sp connection only via cortex

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5
Q

what are the components of the basal ganglia

A
putamen 
globus pallidus 
caudate nucleus 
internal capsule - outside
amygdala
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6
Q

what are the connections of the basal ganglia

A

to motor cortex via thalamus

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7
Q

what role does basal ganglia play

A

acts like accelerator for cortex

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8
Q

what is the basic feedback circuit for basal ganglia

A

putamen receives input form motor cortex
globus pallidus - braking effect on thalamus output structure of basal ganglia
thalamus tim drive on patterns of motor cortex

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9
Q

what does the globus pallidus do automatically

A

supply brake to the thalamus

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10
Q

what does caudate do

A

input from frontal c. cortex

planning organisation thought processes not motor

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11
Q

what does sub thalamic nucleus do

A

promote brake on thalamus and c cortex

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12
Q

what would happen if there is damage to the sub thalamic nucleus

A

uncontrolled flailing of limbs
hemiballismus
no braking

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13
Q

what does disorders of the basal ganglia produce

A

changes in muscle tone and involuntary movements

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14
Q

what is dyskinesia

A

tremors

if dage to basal ganglia

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15
Q

what is athetosis

A

writhing movement

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16
Q

what is chorea

A

jerky, rapid movements, twitches, grimaces

17
Q

what is ballismus

A

flailing limb movements proximal joints

18
Q

what are the features of parkinson

A
resting tremor 
rigidity
paucity of movement 
depression 
impaired cognitive function
19
Q

what happens to the substantial nigra in parkinson

A

substantia nigra in midbrain loss of neurones that relate dopamine (dopaminergic) to putamen

20
Q

what re ways of treatment of parkinson

A

L-dopa
dopamine agonists
transplant
ablation/stimulation

21
Q

what is the L-dopa treatment

A

unlike dopamine crosses the BB barrier

effects reduces with time and produces its own dyskinesia effects

22
Q

what is the dopamine agonist

A

bromocriptine

COMT inhibitors- prevents metab of L-dopa

23
Q

what is transplant for parkinson treatment

A

foetal dopamine prod cells sourcing tissue difficult

24
Q

what is the ablation/stimulation treatment do for

A

of thamlic nuclei can alleviate rigidity restore fucntoinin

25
Q

what si the (subconscious) motor control centre

A

feedback loop to cortex via thalamus

cerebellum listens silently and talks back

26
Q

what are functions of cerebellum

A

skilled rep moves (plan coord) –> cortex

locomotion/posture (monitor move coord) –> Ctx/BS/spinal cord

balance (monitor coord) –> vest spinal cord

27
Q

what is predominate cerebellum matter

A

white with grey nuclei

28
Q

what si the structural features of the cerebellum

A

lobes –> ant, post, flocculonodular

fissure –> primary, horizontal

vermis

29
Q

what does cerebellum listen to cortex for

A

command for movement, intense activity in cerebellum

30
Q

what are cortico-ponto-cerbellar tracts

A

enter cerebellum at middle cerebral penducle

31
Q

what does cerebellum listen o spinal cord for

A

dorsal spinocerbelar tracts - unconscious position sense
enter via int penducel
ipsilateral damage

32
Q

what does the cerebellum get from brainstem

A

balance info
non crossed
form vestibular nuclei from cochlea
inf olivary nucleus carry new motor programmees

33
Q

where des cerebellar output form

A

via dep nuclei in cereblluma nd vestibule nuclei

34
Q

what re some of the grey matter nuclei in cerebellum

A

fastigial - medial - posture

dentate- fine motor control

35
Q

how does cerebellum answer the motor cortex

A

activation of corticospinal tract

control same side ipsilateral as non crossed organ

36
Q

what are the function of the cerebellum

A

quality of movement
plans, coord, fine skilled
learned motor
integrates balance

37
Q

what happens if cerebellar malfucnitno

A
signs disease ipsilateral
disturbed balance
modified muscle tone -hypotonia
ataxia poor coord
vermal lesion