Autonomic Pharmacology 1 Flashcards
what does efferent doc
signals away from CNS
what does afferent dp
signals to CNS
what are the subdivisions of the PNS
somatic efferent
enteric
autonomic
somatic an visceral afferent
what is somatic efferent
efferent out to skeletal muscle
what are the div of autonomic
symp
parasymp
where is enteric system
in walls of GI tract not as many neurones
what is the role of autonomic NS
carry output from CNS to whole body with exception of skeletal muscle
what are the functions of ANS
visceral functions - involuntary
degree of conscious control ANS functions
simp and parasymp functions
what are some visceral functions involuntary
contraction and relaxation of smooth muscle
all exocrine and endocrine secretions
the heartbeat
aspects of metabolism
what does paarsymp do in general
coordinates body basic homeostatic functions
what does symp do in general
coordinates body fight or flight
what si the basic organisation of ANS
2 neurones in series
one pregang cell body in CNS to post gang
what is an example of an effector cell
cardiac or smooth muscle cell
secretory cell
what is the preganglionic neurotransmitter in ANS
always ACh
what are the diff postganglionic neurotransmitters in ANS
symp - Noradrenaline
parasymp - ACh
where is the outflow from for CNS
cranial and sacral
where is the outflow from from spinal cord
thoracic or lumbar outflow
what is the phrase when a ganglion uses ACh
cholinergic
what is the phrase when a ganglion uses noradrenaline
adregenic
where does the thoracolumbar emerge from
T1 and L2 spinal cord
what does the preganglionic neurone of the simp release
ACh
what does the postganglionic neurone of the symp release
NA
what si imp about adrenal gland innervation
innervation is pre ganglionic and transmitter is ACh
what are the parasymp cranial nerves
3, 7, 9 and 10
where does parasymp outflow come from
cranio sacral
thoracic lumbar
where are parasymp ganglia usually
in target organs
except head and neck
what are some sympathetic stipulated activity
inc heart rate inc force contraction relax bronchi dec mucosal prod reduces motility constrict sphincters release adrenaline ejaculation
what are some parasympathetic stimulated activities
dec heart rate constrict bronchi inc motility relax sphincters no effect on smooth erection
what part of the heart only receives parasympathetic innervation
atria
neurchem transmission
uptake precursor syn transmitter store transmitter depo by AP calcium influx through voltage activated calcium induced release of transmitter receptor activation enzyme mediated inactivation or reuptake of transmitter
what happens in the transmission in sympathetic system
ap from pre gang
to presyn terminal of pre gang neurone triggering calcium entry and release ACh
Each = release of noradrenaline
noradrenaline activates GPC adrenorecptors
wat si hem transmission of parasymp system
identical to simp but ACh is used as transmitter
Ch activates GPC muscarinic acetylcholine receptors
what do ligand gated ion channels consist of
sep glycoprotein subunits that form a central, ion conducting, channel
what does ligand gated ion channel allow
allow rapid changes in perm of mem
rapid alter mem pot
what are GPCR
receptor g protein sep and effector proteins activation of effector signalling slow in comparison to ligand gated
what is basic structure of receptor
integral mem protein
single polypep with extra cell NH2 and intracell COOH
seven transmem spans joined
what si the basic structure of g protein
guanine nucleotide bind protein
peripheral mem protein
3 polypeptide units
GTP or GDP
how is no signalling done by GPCR
receptor unoccupied
g protein alpha submit binds GDP
effector not modulated
how is signal turned on with GPCR
agonist activates receptor
GP couples with receptor
GDP dissociantes from an GTP binds to alpha subunit
what does g protein dissociates into
separate alpha ad beta/gamma subunits
what does GP alpha subunit do
combines with and modifies activity of electro
what happens if agonist unbind from receptor
signalling can persist
how do turn signal off in GPCR
alpha subunit acts as enzyme to hydrolyse GTP to GDP and Pi
alpha recombines
