Autonomic Pharmacology 1

Question 1

what does efferent doc

Answer 1

signals away from CNS

Question 2

what does afferent dp

Answer 2

signals to CNS

Question 3

what are the subdivisions of the PNS

Answer 3

somatic efferent
enteric
autonomic
somatic an visceral afferent

Question 4

what is somatic efferent

Answer 4

efferent out to skeletal muscle

Question 5

what are the div of autonomic

Answer 5

symp

parasymp

Question 6

where is enteric system

Answer 6

in walls of GI tract not as many neurones

Question 7

what is the role of autonomic NS

Answer 7

carry output from CNS to whole body with exception of skeletal muscle

Question 8

what are the functions of ANS

Answer 8

visceral functions - involuntary
degree of conscious control ANS functions
simp and parasymp functions

Question 9

what are some visceral functions involuntary

Answer 9

contraction and relaxation of smooth muscle
all exocrine and endocrine secretions
the heartbeat
aspects of metabolism

Question 10

what does paarsymp do in general

Answer 10

coordinates body basic homeostatic functions

Question 11

what does symp do in general

Answer 11

coordinates body fight or flight

Question 12

what si the basic organisation of ANS

Answer 12

2 neurones in series

one pregang cell body in CNS to post gang

Question 13

what is an example of an effector cell

Answer 13

cardiac or smooth muscle cell

secretory cell

Question 14

what is the preganglionic neurotransmitter in ANS

Answer 14

always ACh

Question 15

what are the diff postganglionic neurotransmitters in ANS

Answer 15

symp - Noradrenaline

parasymp - ACh

Question 16

where is the outflow from for CNS

Answer 16

cranial and sacral

Question 17

where is the outflow from from spinal cord

Answer 17

thoracic or lumbar outflow

Question 18

what is the phrase when a ganglion uses ACh

Answer 18

cholinergic

Question 19

what is the phrase when a ganglion uses noradrenaline

Answer 19

adregenic

Question 20

where does the thoracolumbar emerge from

Answer 20

T1 and L2 spinal cord

Question 21

what does the preganglionic neurone of the simp release

Answer 21

ACh

Question 22

what does the postganglionic neurone of the symp release

Answer 22

NA

Question 23

what si imp about adrenal gland innervation

Answer 23

innervation is pre ganglionic and transmitter is ACh

Question 24

what are the parasymp cranial nerves

Answer 24

3, 7, 9 and 10

Question 25

where does parasymp outflow come from

Answer 25

cranio sacral | thoracic lumbar

Question 26

where are parasymp ganglia usually

Answer 26

in target organs | except head and neck

Question 27

what are some sympathetic stipulated activity

Answer 27

``` inc heart rate inc force contraction relax bronchi dec mucosal prod reduces motility constrict sphincters release adrenaline ejaculation ```

Question 28

what are some parasympathetic stimulated activities

Answer 28

``` dec heart rate constrict bronchi inc motility relax sphincters no effect on smooth erection ```

Question 29

what part of the heart only receives parasympathetic innervation

Answer 29

atria

Question 30

neurchem transmission

Answer 30

``` uptake precursor syn transmitter store transmitter depo by AP calcium influx through voltage activated calcium induced release of transmitter receptor activation enzyme mediated inactivation or reuptake of transmitter ```

Question 31

what happens in the transmission in sympathetic system

Answer 31

ap from pre gang to presyn terminal of pre gang neurone triggering calcium entry and release ACh Each = release of noradrenaline noradrenaline activates GPC adrenorecptors

Question 32

wat si hem transmission of parasymp system

Answer 32

identical to simp but ACh is used as transmitter | Ch activates GPC muscarinic acetylcholine receptors

Question 33

what do ligand gated ion channels consist of

Answer 33

sep glycoprotein subunits that form a central, ion conducting, channel

Question 34

what does ligand gated ion channel allow

Answer 34

allow rapid changes in perm of mem | rapid alter mem pot

Question 35

what are GPCR

Answer 35

``` receptor g protein sep and effector proteins activation of effector signalling slow in comparison to ligand gated ```

Question 36

what is basic structure of receptor

Answer 36

integral mem protein single polypep with extra cell NH2 and intracell COOH seven transmem spans joined

Question 37

what si the basic structure of g protein

Answer 37

guanine nucleotide bind protein peripheral mem protein 3 polypeptide units GTP or GDP

Question 38

how is no signalling done by GPCR

Answer 38

receptor unoccupied g protein alpha submit binds GDP effector not modulated

Question 39

how is signal turned on with GPCR

Answer 39

agonist activates receptor GP couples with receptor GDP dissociantes from an GTP binds to alpha subunit

Question 40

what does g protein dissociates into

Answer 40

separate alpha ad beta/gamma subunits

Question 41

what does GP alpha subunit do

Answer 41

combines with and modifies activity of electro

Question 42

what happens if agonist unbind from receptor

Answer 42

signalling can persist

Question 43

how do turn signal off in GPCR

Answer 43

alpha subunit acts as enzyme to hydrolyse GTP to GDP and Pi | alpha recombines