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Neuroanatomy > Auditory & Vestibular > Flashcards

Auditory & Vestibular Flashcards

1
Q

what is hearing

A

neural perception of sound energy

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2
Q

what is sound

A

audible disturbance of molecules in a medium (air/water)

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3
Q

what kind of wave - sound

A

longitudinal

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4
Q

what is frequency and amplitude

A

frequency - pitch (low = low)

amplitude - volume (high/low pressure)

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5
Q

what is unit sound

A

decibel (dB)

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6
Q

what is audible range

A

~20Hz to 20kHz

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7
Q

what si the external ear for

A

air

collection

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8
Q

what si the middle ear for

A

bone

conc

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9
Q

what is the inner ear for

A

fluid

detection

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10
Q

what does the middle ear transmit

A

vibrations via ossicles to inner ear - mechanical concentrator and transmitter

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11
Q

what does inner ear transmit

A

cochlea traduces vibrations to electrical impulse

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12
Q

what are the layers of tymp mem

A

skin
CT
resp epi

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13
Q

name parts of ear

A 
external ear 
EAM 
tymp mem 
middle ear 
middle ear ossicles
inner ear 
IAM 
cochlea 
nasopharyngeal tube
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14
Q

what are the ossicles

A

tiny bones
malleus
incus
stapes

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15
Q

what are the ossicle joints

A

synovial joints

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16
Q

what si the conc of sound energy

A

big mem of tymp mem goes to small space meaning intensity and conc increase
not amplify

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17
Q

what fluid fills outer channels

A

perilymph

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18
Q

what fluid fills inner channels

A

endolymph

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19
Q

what is perilymph

A

essentially extracellular fluid - Na ions

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20
Q

what does fluid in ear system allow

A

conducting nerve AP’s

21
Q

what is the helocotremA

A

where two outer tubules meet at ape of cochlea

22
Q

what are the three tubes of cochlea

A

scala vestiboli
scala tympani
scala media (middle)

23
Q

what si the purpose of round window

A

transmit pressure in closed tube and dissipates it

deformable

24
Q

what is the central part of cochlea

A

modulus bone

25
Q

what are the hair cells in the ear

A

single row inner hairs used for hearing

outer hairs few used for sound location

26
Q

what is the collection of hair cells called

A

organ of corti

27
Q

what is stria vascular

A

sp epi on lateral wall of media producing endolymph

28
Q

what is tonotopicity

A

cochlear organised in terms of high and low tones

high tones incase cochlea whilst low tones at helicotrema

29
Q

what is the route for CN 8

A 
sup olivary nun
trapezoid body
lateral lemniscus 
medial lemniscus
inf colliculus 
medial geniculate body 
auditory radiation
30
Q

why does nerve go to sup olivary nun

A

for localisation and space diff intensities

31
Q

what is trapezoid body

A

crossing point of axons from one side to other

32
Q

what happens in lateral lemnisus

A

synapse

33
Q

how does tonotopicity affect structure

A

forrad and lateral - lower tones received

post and medial - high frequency

34
Q

what ar the 3 components of the labyrinth

A

utricle
saccule
semicircular ducts

35
Q

what do the components of the labrtinht have

A

receptors for movement and her cells fro trasnudcing sound

36
Q

where are the receps for angular rectption

A

semicircular canals

37
Q

what si the cupola

A

gelatinous goo on top hair cells

38
Q

what is cupola for

A

if turn head water push cupola set off AP’s giving detcetio of head movement

39
Q

what are the semicircular canals to each other

A

90 degrees

40
Q

how are the semicircular canals arranged

A

ant, post, lat

canted in sp way not anatomical planes

41
Q

how do semicircular ducts work

A

in pairs

42
Q

what is ant paired with

A

post

43
Q

when turning head what fires

A

turn left
left increases fire
right decrease fire

44
Q

what is macula

A

sensory plaque in saccule and utricle

45
Q

what does macula detect

A

linear acceleration and head position

46
Q

what are otoliths

A

grains calcium carb
on top gelatinous goo
heavier than water so can tell stationary dtection

47
Q

what is path of vestibular fibres

A 
ganglion
nuclei
medial longitudinal fascicles - extra ocular muscle activated 
flocularnodular node -cerebellum
thalamus 
cortex
48
Q

what is doll’s eye manoeuvre

A

vestibule-ocular reflex

off ride effect on eyes fast flick to side and slow back

49
Q

what si projection of vestibular info to cortex

A

bilateral

Neuroanatomy (20 decks)

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