Cerebral Cortex & Thalamus Flashcards
what is the cerebral cortex
regional specialised of function
what is the thalamus
relay and integration en route to cortex
what are the lobes of the brain
frontal occipital parietal temporal insula
what are the 6 layers of the cortex
molecular ext granular ext pyramidal int granular int pyramidal multiform layer
what layers have input and outputs in the cortex
ext granular - local input
ext pyramidal - local output
int granular - thalamus input
int pyramidal - sp cord output
what are the 3 main constituents of the cortex
processes
cell bodies
myelin
what are the cerebral cortex specialisation - 2 classes
primary cortex - exit (motor) and entry points (sensory)
association cortex - interpretation, integration, complex processing adjacent to primary
what si the majority of cortex
association cortex
what are brodmann areas
subtle differences in structure
map that relates to function
what is the visual cortex in terms of brodmann area
primary area 17
what is the primary motor complex
pre central gyrus
more direct control of motor activity
force direction and speed muscle contraction
what are motor association cortex regions
organisation of complex movements
what are the motor association cortex regions
supplementary motor area
diff areas for simple move
plan and rehearsing
premotor cortex - prep for action posture and gait
primary somatosensory cortex diff body regions rep by
homunculus
where is the primary somatosensory cortex
at central sulcus
what is the somatosensory cortex
diff modalities in diff regions of primary somatosensory cortex
where is association somatosensory cortex
sup pariteal lobule
what is the association somatosensory cortex used for
awareness/ perception in space
what si imp about pre-frontal region
association cortex
what are some of the prefrontal lobes changes when damaged
personality changes deficits in planning/judgment preservation primitive reflexes abulia slow intellect
what is expressive aphasia
language is reduced to disjointed words and sentence construction is poor
comprehension is ok
what is tans brain
broca’s area lesion (csyphillus)
what is receptive aphasia
unable to comprehend meaningful language damage to wernickes area
what is split brain
left - language and calculation
right - drawing, music, spatial perception
what is cerebral corte specialisation
many of th 4% with right sided language control have damaged left hemispheres switch sides
what is brain plasticity
how the bain can adapt e.g. cab drivers
also seen in dendrites potentiation learned behaviour
what is synaesthesia
stimulus received in one sensory modality gives rise to an experience in another smell blue….
what si the thalamus essentially
collection of nuclei (grey matter)
what does the thalamus do
rely and processes sensory and motor info en-route to cortex
what do each nucleus of the thalamus do
each communicates to the cortex with related function
where is the thalamus
post hypothalamus sup midbrain near pineal gland which is post to thalamus has inter thalamic adhesion below telencephlon
what features surround thalamus
putamen
caudate nucleus
internal capsule
wat kind of matter is internal capsule
white matter
what is the link between the two thalamus segments
inter thalamic adhesion
what is the cushioned bit at bottom of thalus
pulvinar
what can be seen below thalamus
3rd vent
what is the substantial nigra
below thalamus in mesencephalon (midbrain) assc function reward and movement
what is the thalamus communication with primary somatosensory cortex
Ventroposteriolateral (VPL) connects to post central gyrus for sensory from body
ventroposteriomedial (VPM) sensory form head
what is the thalamus communication with primary visual cortex
lateral geniculate body at back thalamus relay vision from eyes to visual cortex in occipital lobe
what does the medial geniculate body do of the thalamus
primary auditory relay sensation
what are the thalamic communications to the motor cortex
motor feedback from basal ganglia and cerebellum
through Ventrolateral segment of thalamus
what are the thalamic nuclei
anterior - memory instinctive behaviour
dorsomedial - emotional/subjective responses
intralaminar - pain aorusal
