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Neuroanatomy > Cerebral Cortex & Thalamus > Flashcards

Cerebral Cortex & Thalamus Flashcards

1
Q

what is the cerebral cortex

A

regional specialised of function

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2
Q

what is the thalamus

A

relay and integration en route to cortex

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3
Q

what are the lobes of the brain

A 
frontal 
occipital
parietal
temporal
insula
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4
Q

what are the 6 layers of the cortex

A 
molecular
ext granular
ext pyramidal
int granular
int pyramidal 
multiform layer
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5
Q

what layers have input and outputs in the cortex

A

ext granular - local input

ext pyramidal - local output

int granular - thalamus input

int pyramidal - sp cord output

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6
Q

what are the 3 main constituents of the cortex

A

processes
cell bodies
myelin

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7
Q

what are the cerebral cortex specialisation - 2 classes

A

primary cortex - exit (motor) and entry points (sensory)

association cortex - interpretation, integration, complex processing adjacent to primary

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8
Q

what si the majority of cortex

A

association cortex

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9
Q

what are brodmann areas

A

subtle differences in structure

map that relates to function

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10
Q

what is the visual cortex in terms of brodmann area

A

primary area 17

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11
Q

what is the primary motor complex

A

pre central gyrus
more direct control of motor activity
force direction and speed muscle contraction

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12
Q

what are motor association cortex regions

A

organisation of complex movements

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13
Q

what are the motor association cortex regions

A

supplementary motor area
diff areas for simple move
plan and rehearsing

premotor cortex - prep for action posture and gait

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14
Q

primary somatosensory cortex diff body regions rep by

A

homunculus

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15
Q

where is the primary somatosensory cortex

A

at central sulcus

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16
Q

what is the somatosensory cortex

A

diff modalities in diff regions of primary somatosensory cortex

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17
Q

where is association somatosensory cortex

A

sup pariteal lobule

18
Q

what is the association somatosensory cortex used for

A

awareness/ perception in space

19
Q

what si imp about pre-frontal region

A

association cortex

20
Q

what are some of the prefrontal lobes changes when damaged

A 
personality changes
deficits in planning/judgment
preservation
primitive reflexes
abulia slow intellect
21
Q

what is expressive aphasia

A

language is reduced to disjointed words and sentence construction is poor
comprehension is ok

22
Q

what is tans brain

A

broca’s area lesion (csyphillus)

23
Q

what is receptive aphasia

A

unable to comprehend meaningful language damage to wernickes area

24
Q

what is split brain

A

left - language and calculation

right - drawing, music, spatial perception

25
Q

what is cerebral corte specialisation

A

many of th 4% with right sided language control have damaged left hemispheres switch sides

26
Q

what is brain plasticity

A

how the bain can adapt e.g. cab drivers

also seen in dendrites potentiation learned behaviour

27
Q

what is synaesthesia

A

stimulus received in one sensory modality gives rise to an experience in another smell blue….

28
Q

what si the thalamus essentially

A

collection of nuclei (grey matter)

29
Q

what does the thalamus do

A

rely and processes sensory and motor info en-route to cortex

30
Q

what do each nucleus of the thalamus do

A

each communicates to the cortex with related function

31
Q

where is the thalamus

A 
post hypothalamus 
sup midbrain 
near pineal gland which is post to thalamus 
has inter thalamic adhesion
below telencephlon
32
Q

what features surround thalamus

A

putamen
caudate nucleus
internal capsule

33
Q

wat kind of matter is internal capsule

A

white matter

34
Q

what is the link between the two thalamus segments

A

inter thalamic adhesion

35
Q

what is the cushioned bit at bottom of thalus

A

pulvinar

36
Q

what can be seen below thalamus

A

3rd vent

37
Q

what is the substantial nigra

A 
below thalamus 
in mesencephalon (midbrain) 
assc function reward and movement
38
Q

what is the thalamus communication with primary somatosensory cortex

A

Ventroposteriolateral (VPL) connects to post central gyrus for sensory from body

ventroposteriomedial (VPM) sensory form head

39
Q

what is the thalamus communication with primary visual cortex

A

lateral geniculate body at back thalamus relay vision from eyes to visual cortex in occipital lobe

40
Q

what does the medial geniculate body do of the thalamus

A

primary auditory relay sensation

41
Q

what are the thalamic communications to the motor cortex

A

motor feedback from basal ganglia and cerebellum

through Ventrolateral segment of thalamus

42
Q

what are the thalamic nuclei

A

anterior - memory instinctive behaviour

dorsomedial - emotional/subjective responses

intralaminar - pain aorusal

Neuroanatomy (20 decks)

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