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Sem 1 2MB3 > Visual Pathway ( McMahon ) > Flashcards

Visual Pathway ( McMahon ) Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 cells involved in the pathway

A

Photoreceptor cells
Bipolar Neurons
Ganglion Cells
Neurons of Lateral Geniculate Body in Thalamus

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2
Q

What is the photoreceptor cells made up of and what do they do

A

Rods and Cones
Rods for night vision
Cones for colour vision

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3
Q

What do the bipolar neurons do

A

Connects rods and cones to ganglion cells

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4
Q

What makes up the ganglion cells ( axons pass to where )

A

axons pass to thalamus

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5
Q

Where does the axons of LGN of thalamus pass to

A

Visual Cortex

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6
Q

What does the pigment epithelial layer contain when what is the function of the pigment cells

A

Contains melanin and absorbs light that passes through retina

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7
Q

How many rods and cones do we have

A

Rods : 110 - 125 mill

Cones : 6 - 7 mill

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8
Q

What axons form the optic nerve

A

Axons of ganglion cells

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9
Q

Bipolar cells have interneurons, what are they

A

Amacrine and Horizontal cells

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10
Q

Where do you get acute vision

A

Fovea

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11
Q

What do you call the area surrounding the fovea

A

Macula Lutea

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12
Q

The line connecting fovea and viewed objects is called as

A

Visual Axis

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13
Q

What kind of cells do you find in the floor of fovea

A

Cones

Inner retinal layer allows light rays to reach without having to cross other layers

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14
Q

What is the optic disc

A

An area at which unmyelinated optic nerve fibers exit retina but fibers will become myelinated as emerge

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15
Q

What is the optic nerve myelinated by

A

Oligodendrocytes hence cannot be regenerated once damaged

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16
Q

Image of object in right field of vision will be projected onto

A

Nasal half of right retina ( R )

Temporal half of left retina ( L )

17
Q

Right field vision will be projected on L / R visual cortex?

A

Left

18
Q

Which fibers will cross midline? Fibers from nasal half or medial half

A

Nasal half will cross over

19
Q

The fibers terminate by synapsing with ( )

A

LGN of thalamus

20
Q

LGN will give rise to optic radiation and the most anterior fibers will form ( )

A

Loop of Meyer

21
Q

In the Lateral Geniculate Body, where will neurons project complete left field of vision onto visual cortex of the right hemisphere? ( what is the area )

A

Area 17

22
Q

A pituitary tumour may damage what ?

A

The optic chiasm

23
Q

How is the optic chiasm related to the internal carotid?

A

Internal carotid is lateral to chasm so aneurysm will damage lateral part of chiasm

24
Q

Some fibres of the optic tract will pass from lateral geniculate to ( 2 ) and what are they concerned w

A

Pretectal nucleus
Sup colliculus of midbrain
Concerned w the light reflexes

25
Q

What is direct light reflex

A

When the pupil that eye is shone light constricts

26
Q

What is consensual light reflex

A

Constriction of opposite pupil

27
Q

Impulses will travel through ( 4 )

A

Optic Nerve
Optic Chiasm
Optic tract
Synapses on nerves in pretectal nucleus

28
Q

Describe the light reflex ( only up till ciliary ganglion )

A

Impulse pass to CNIII of affected eye
Synapses on pretectal nucleus of affected eye
Impulse travels to the Edinger - Westphal of both eyes
Impulses pass to ciliary ganglion in orbit

29
Q

Where does the impulse pass to from the ciliary ganglion in orbit ( 2 )

A

To short ciliary nerves at eyeball
Constrictor pupillary muscle of iris
Causes constriction of both pupils

30
Q

When does the accommodation reflex occur

A

When eye is directed from distant to near object

31
Q

What muscles of the eye is involved in the accommodation reflex, what happens to it and what does it cause

A

The medial rectus muscle of both eyes would contract and this causes convergence of eyes

32
Q

Why does the lens thicken and how does it thicken

A

To increase refractive power

The contraction of ciliary muscle helps thicken it

Sem 1 2MB3 (14 decks)

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