Female Reproductive System Flashcards
How many hormonal phases does a woman experience
Two
- Follicular Phase ( Proliferative Phase )
- Luteal Phases ( Secretory Phase )
When and what happens during the Follicular Phase at
- Day 1 - Day 5
- Day 5 - Day 14
- Day 1 - Day 13
- What hormone dominates
-D1 - D14 UTERINE CHANGE -D1 - D5 : Menses Happens -D5 - D14 : Endometrial proliferation so ↑ endometrial glands and ↑ blood vessels OOCYTE CHANGES D1 - D13 : Oocyte arrested at prophase 1 -D14 : Ovulation due to surge of LH ( meiosis I is also completed ) - Releases secondary oocyte - Secretion of oestrogen dominates
Luteal Phase
D15 - D28
- Known as Secretory Phase
-Increases secretion of progesterone due to formation of progesterone
- Progesterone increases secretion of uterine glands
If fertilisation occurs, meiosis ii occurs
Hypothalamic Hormones
GnRH
Stimulates production of FSH and LH
Anterior Pituitary Hormone
FSH and LH
Promotes Androgen and Oestrogen Production
Ovarian Hormones
Oestrogen: Predominates D1 - D14
Progesterone : Predominates D15 - D28
Inhibin / Activin : Regulates FSH
What does FSH do
Essential for follicle growth
- With LH, increases oestrogen growth by:
1) LH stimulates thecal cells to produce androgens
2) FSH stimulates granulosa cells to use the androgen and synthesise oestrogen - Increases LH receptors on ovary tissues
- Sensitises ovarian cells to LH actions
LH actions ( about 8 )
- ↑ prostaglandins which will cause and ↑ in collagenase
- Hence, causes ovulation due to rupturing of follicle wall
- ↑ collagenase activity (enzymatic activity )
- Causes oestrogen secretion
- ↑ androgen so indirectly ↑ oestrogen
- Forms the corpus lute
- Resumption of meiosis
- ↑ Ovarian blood flow
Types of Oestrogen
- 17 Beta Oestradiol
- Oestrone
- Oestriol
Serum concentration of Oestrogen ( all in microgram / 100 mls )
D1 : 2 -8
D14 : 12 - 48
D21 : 9 -30
Effects of Oestrogen ( about 9 )
- ↑ endometrial gland number and size
- ↑ angiogenesis
- ↑ progesterone receptor
- ↑ contractility of uterine smooth wall
- Makes cervical mucus thin and alkaline
- Contributes to a female appearance
- Stimulates growth of ducts in breast
- Stimulates bone conservation
- ↑ HDL
( 1 ) predominant before ovulation
( 2 ) Predominant after ovulation
1 : Oestrogen
2: Progesterone
Where is progesterone synthesised
Corpus Luteum
Placenta
Rate of secretion ( mg / day )
Follicular Phase : 5
Mid - Luteal : 32 ( by CL )
Last Trimester : 300 ( by placenta)
Effects of Progesterone ( 7 )
- Differentiation of endometrium into secretory glands
- ↓ uterine contractility
- Makes cervical mucus more thick and acidic
- ↑ Alveolar tissue in breast
- ↑ body temp
- ↑ resp rate
Crucial for embryo survival
