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Sem 1 2MB3 > CNS Embryology > Flashcards

CNS Embryology Flashcards

1
Q

When is the embryonic period

A

Conception to week 8

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2
Q

When is the Fetal Period

A

Week 8 to Birth

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3
Q

When is the Neonatal Period

A

After birth

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4
Q

Where does the neural plate develop from ( which layer )

A

Embryonic ectoderm

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5
Q

Inner Cell Mass is converted into

A

Trilaminar embryonic disc

4 extra embryonic membrane

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6
Q

Fetus will develop from the ?

A

Embryonic Disc

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7
Q

What are the layers of the embryonic disc ( from outer to inner )

A

Ectoderm
Mesoderm
Endoderm

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8
Q

What does the ectoderm differentiate into ( 5 )

A 
Epidermis of skin 
Nervous Tissue 
Pituitary Gland 
Adrenal Medulla 
Teeth and Lens
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9
Q

What does the mesoderm differentiate into ( 8 )

A 
Epithelial lining of blood vessels
Dermis of Skin 
Muscle Tissue 
Connective Tissue 
Heart 
Kidney and Ureters 
Adrenal Cortex
Spleen 
Internal Reproductive Organs
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10
Q

What does the endoderm differentiate into ( 8 )

A 
Epithelial lining of resp and GI 
Liver
Gallbladder 
Pancreas 
Thymus 
Thyroid 
Parathyroid 
Palatine Tonsils
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11
Q

What happens during gastrulation ( what is formed )

A

Formation of primitive streak

Formation of notochord

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12
Q

What kind of cells form the notochord

A

Mesodermal Cells

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13
Q

What makes the neural plate

A

A thickened layer of the endoderm

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14
Q

Once the notochord induces the specialisation of neural plate, what do you get

A

Neural Groove

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15
Q

After the neural plates develops the longitudinal neural groove, what do you get on each side

A

Neural Folds

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16
Q

Where does the neural folds fuse and what does it form

A

It fuses in the median plane and will form neural tube. After that, neural tube will separate from surface ectoderm.

17
Q

When neural tube separates from the ectoderm, what structure is formed?

A

Neural crest

18
Q

What does the neural crest form ( 3 )

A

Dorsal Root Ganglia
Autonomic Ganglia
Pia / Arachnoid Mater

19
Q

When does neurulation end

A

By week 4

20
Q

Where are neuropores formed on the neural tube

A

Rostral and caudal part of the neural tube

21
Q

When the neural plate expands rostrally, what structure develops from it

A

The brain

22
Q

When the neural tube separates from the surface ectoderm what is formed

A

Neural Crest

23
Q

What develops from the neural crest

A

Dorsal Root Ganglia
Autonomic Ganglia
Pia and Arachnoid Mater

24
Q

When the rostral neuropore closes, the thickened neural folds fuse to form 3 primary brain vesicles

A

Forebrain ( Prosencephalon )
Midbrain ( Mesencephalon )
Hindbrain ( Rhombencephalon )

25
Q

The myelencephalon will form ( )

The mesencephalon will form ( )

A

Medulla Oblongata

Pons and Cerebellum

26
Q

Between what weeks does the brain tube fold and at how many points?

A

Week 4 - 8

3 points

27
Q

Forebrain folds at the ( )

A

Mesencephalic ( cranial / cephalic ) flexure

28
Q

Ventral folding occurs at ( ) between ( )

A

Cervical flexure between the myelencephalon and spinal cord

29
Q

Reverse dorsal flexion at

A

Pontine flexure

30
Q

The development of spinal cord is due to the proliferation of

A

Ventricular layer of neuroepithelial cell

31
Q

Where do neuroblasts migrate to and where does it extend its cell processes to

A

Migrates to mantle layer ( grey matter ) and will extend cell processes to marginal layer ( white matter )

32
Q

What is the Mantle Layer?

What is the Marginal Layer

A

Mantle : Grey Matter

Marginal : White

33
Q

In the development of brainstem, the mantle zone is organised into ( ) like in spinal cord

A

Alar and basal plate

34
Q

The cerebellum arises from ( ) of the ( )

A

Dorsal rhombic lips of alar plates

35
Q

How does the cerebrum develop via proliferation, migration and differentiation ?

A

Proliferating cells in the ventricular zone will produce waves of neuroblasts
Neurons will migrate outwards to establish cortical layers

36
Q

What are the two causes of disorders of neuronal migration ?

A

Defects in lamination of 6 layered structure

Failed formation of gyri and sulk

37
Q

What are mini columns and do patients with autism have increased or decreased packing

A 
Vertical assemblies of neurons 
Increased packing ( Layer III has less space )

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