The Diencephalon ( Dara Cannon ) Flashcards

1
Q

What are the primary brain vesicles

A

Prosencephalon
Mesencephalon
Rhombencephalon

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2
Q

What does the Prosencephalon develop into

A

Into the Telencephalon and Diencephalon

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3
Q

Telencephalon develops into

A

The Cerebrum ~ Lateral Ventricles

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4
Q

Diencephalon develops into

A

The Diencephalon ~ third ventricles

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5
Q

The Mesencephalon develops into

A

The mesencephalon ( Midbrain ) ~ Cerebral aqueduct

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6
Q

The Rhombencephalon develops into

A

Myelencephalon ( Medulla Oblongata )
Metencephalon ( Pons and Cerebellum)
Mye + Met = 4th ventricle
Spinal Cord becomes the Central Canal

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7
Q

What consists of the diencephalon

A
Subthalamus
Metathalamus 
Third Ventricle
Hypothalamus 
Thalamus 
Epithalamus
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8
Q

Epithalamus forms the roof or floor of 3rd Ventricle

A

Roof

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9
Q

What does the habenular commissure do

A

It receives projections from stria medullaris and projects it to the midbrain

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10
Q

What does the Stria Medullaris do ?

A

It is a tract that connects septal nuclei, parts of hypothalamus and ant thalamus to habenula

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11
Q

Where does the stria medullaris form a ridge

A

It forms a ridge on the medial surface of the thalami nuclei

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12
Q

What does the Pineal Gland do

A

It secretes melatonin for the sleep - wake cycle

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13
Q
In regards to the subthalamus, it is : 
Inferior to ( 1 ) 
Posterior to ( 2 ) 
Superior to ( 3 )
A

1 : Thalamus
2 : Hypothalamus
3 : Substantia Nigra

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14
Q

What can Deep Brain Stimulation in the Subthalamus treat

A

Parkinsons Disease

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15
Q

What are the hypothalamic Nuclei and what are the functions

A
  • Preoptic
  • Supraoptic
  • Paraventricular
  • Posterior
  • Suprachiasmatic
  • Controls hormone release
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16
Q

Besides hypothalamic nuclei, what else consists of the hypothalamus

A

Infundibulum and Pituitary gland

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17
Q

What makes up the metathalamus

A

Medial Geniculate and Lateral Geniculate Pathway

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18
Q

Medial Geniculate Pathway is for

A

Auditory Pathway

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19
Q

Describe the auditory pathway

A
  • Receives ascending fibres from inferior colliculus via inferior brachium
  • Projects via auditory radiations to the primary auditory cortex
20
Q

Where do you find the auditory cortex

A

Transverse temporal gyrus of Heschl

21
Q

What is the function of the Lateral Geniculate Pathway

A

For visual

22
Q

Describe the visual pathway

A
  • Termination of optic tract axons from the retinal ganglion cells
  • Projects via the internal capsule and the optic radiation to the primary visual cortex
23
Q

Where do you find the visual cortex

A

Occipital lobe

24
Q

What are the groups separated by the internal medullary lamina of the thalamus ( 3 )

A
  • Anterior Group
  • Medial Group
  • Lateral Group
25
Q

Why is the thalamus known as the relay station

A

Because almost all ascending pathways synapse in the thalamic nuclei in order to reach the cerebral cortex

26
Q

What is the internal medullary lamina involved in ( 3 )

A
  • Arousal
  • Wakefulness
  • Pain
27
Q

What happens if there is a lesion in the IML

A

Reduces perception of pain and the level of consciousness

28
Q

What are the afferents of the IML

A

Brainstem Reticular Formation

29
Q

What disrupts the alpha rhythm

A

Activation of cerebral mantle

30
Q

The anterior thalamic nuclei is part of the limbic system ( T / F )

A

True

31
Q

In the anterior thalamic nuclei, where are the afferents from

A

Mammilary bodies via the mamillothalamic tract

32
Q

Where do the efferents go to in respect to ATN

A

To the cingulate gyrus

33
Q

What is the ATN involved in

A

Involved in control of instinctive drives

34
Q

In regards of the medial thalamic nuclei, where are the afferent from

A
  • Hypothalamus
  • Thalamus
  • Intralaminar Nuclei and Lateral Thalamic Nuclei
35
Q

What is the MTN involved in

A

Control of mood and emotions

36
Q

What are the two tiers of the Lateral Thalamic Nuclei

A

Ventral and Dorsal

37
Q

Where does the nuclei of the ventral tier project to

A

It projects to the primary sensory and primary motor cortices

38
Q

What is the ventral tier involved in

A

Movement

39
Q

Where are the ventral tier afferents from

A
  • Basal Ganglia

- Substantia Nigra

40
Q

Where does the ventral posterior nucleus provide sensory relay from

A
  • Trunk
  • Limbs
  • HEad
  • Neck
    Also contains the termination of all asc sensory pathways from the spinal cord and brain stem
41
Q

Anterior Thalamic Radiations connects ?

What does it separate

A

Connects Thalamus with Prefrontal and Cingulate Gyrus

It separates the Ant Limb of Internal Capsule

42
Q

Superior Thalamic Radiations connects ?

What does it separate

A

It connects thalamus w the motor and sensory cortices

Separates the Post Limb of Internal Capsule

43
Q

Post Thalamic Radiation connects ?

What does it separate

A

It connects the thalamus w occipital, post parietal and temporal lobe cortices
It separates from the retrolenticular part of IC

44
Q

Where does the Inf Thalamic Radiation pass under ?

What does it connect

A

It passes below the lentiform nucleus

Connects the ant temporal, orbitofrontal and insular cortices and amygdala

45
Q

What is Thalamic Pain

A

Central Post - Stroke Syndrome or Pain