The Diencephalon ( Dara Cannon )

Question 1

What are the primary brain vesicles

Answer 1

Prosencephalon
Mesencephalon
Rhombencephalon

Question 2

What does the Prosencephalon develop into

Answer 2

Into the Telencephalon and Diencephalon

Question 3

Telencephalon develops into

Answer 3

The Cerebrum ~ Lateral Ventricles

Question 4

Diencephalon develops into

Answer 4

The Diencephalon ~ third ventricles

Question 5

The Mesencephalon develops into

Answer 5

The mesencephalon ( Midbrain ) ~ Cerebral aqueduct

Question 6

The Rhombencephalon develops into

Answer 6

Myelencephalon ( Medulla Oblongata )
Metencephalon ( Pons and Cerebellum)
Mye + Met = 4th ventricle
Spinal Cord becomes the Central Canal

Question 7

What consists of the diencephalon

Answer 7

Subthalamus
Metathalamus 
Third Ventricle
Hypothalamus 
Thalamus 
Epithalamus

Question 8

Epithalamus forms the roof or floor of 3rd Ventricle

Answer 8

Roof

Question 9

What does the habenular commissure do

Answer 9

It receives projections from stria medullaris and projects it to the midbrain

Question 10

What does the Stria Medullaris do ?

Answer 10

It is a tract that connects septal nuclei, parts of hypothalamus and ant thalamus to habenula

Question 11

Where does the stria medullaris form a ridge

Answer 11

It forms a ridge on the medial surface of the thalami nuclei

Question 12

What does the Pineal Gland do

Answer 12

It secretes melatonin for the sleep - wake cycle

Question 13

In regards to the subthalamus, it is : 
Inferior to ( 1 ) 
Posterior to ( 2 ) 
Superior to ( 3 )

Answer 13

1 : Thalamus
2 : Hypothalamus
3 : Substantia Nigra

Question 14

What can Deep Brain Stimulation in the Subthalamus treat

Answer 14

Parkinsons Disease

Question 15

What are the hypothalamic Nuclei and what are the functions

Answer 15

• Preoptic
• Supraoptic
• Paraventricular
• Posterior
• Suprachiasmatic
• Controls hormone release

Question 16

Besides hypothalamic nuclei, what else consists of the hypothalamus

Answer 16

Infundibulum and Pituitary gland

Question 17

What makes up the metathalamus

Answer 17

Medial Geniculate and Lateral Geniculate Pathway

Question 18

Medial Geniculate Pathway is for

Answer 18

Auditory Pathway

Question 19

Describe the auditory pathway

Answer 19

• Receives ascending fibres from inferior colliculus via inferior brachium
• Projects via auditory radiations to the primary auditory cortex

Question 20

Where do you find the auditory cortex

Answer 20

Transverse temporal gyrus of Heschl

Question 21

What is the function of the Lateral Geniculate Pathway

Answer 21

For visual

Question 22

Describe the visual pathway

Answer 22

• Termination of optic tract axons from the retinal ganglion cells
• Projects via the internal capsule and the optic radiation to the primary visual cortex

Question 23

Where do you find the visual cortex

Answer 23

Occipital lobe

Question 24

What are the groups separated by the internal medullary lamina of the thalamus ( 3 )

Answer 24

• Anterior Group
• Medial Group
• Lateral Group

Question 25

Why is the thalamus known as the relay station

Answer 25

Because almost all ascending pathways synapse in the thalamic nuclei in order to reach the cerebral cortex

Question 26

What is the internal medullary lamina involved in ( 3 )

Answer 26

- Arousal - Wakefulness - Pain

Question 27

What happens if there is a lesion in the IML

Answer 27

Reduces perception of pain and the level of consciousness

Question 28

What are the afferents of the IML

Answer 28

Brainstem Reticular Formation

Question 29

What disrupts the alpha rhythm

Answer 29

Activation of cerebral mantle

Question 30

The anterior thalamic nuclei is part of the limbic system ( T / F )

Answer 30

True

Question 31

In the anterior thalamic nuclei, where are the afferents from

Answer 31

Mammilary bodies via the mamillothalamic tract

Question 32

Where do the efferents go to in respect to ATN

Answer 32

To the cingulate gyrus

Question 33

What is the ATN involved in

Answer 33

Involved in control of instinctive drives

Question 34

In regards of the medial thalamic nuclei, where are the afferent from

Answer 34

- Hypothalamus - Thalamus - Intralaminar Nuclei and Lateral Thalamic Nuclei

Question 35

What is the MTN involved in

Answer 35

Control of mood and emotions

Question 36

What are the two tiers of the Lateral Thalamic Nuclei

Answer 36

Ventral and Dorsal

Question 37

Where does the nuclei of the ventral tier project to

Answer 37

It projects to the primary sensory and primary motor cortices

Question 38

What is the ventral tier involved in

Answer 38

Movement

Question 39

Where are the ventral tier afferents from

Answer 39

- Basal Ganglia | - Substantia Nigra

Question 40

Where does the ventral posterior nucleus provide sensory relay from

Answer 40

- Trunk - Limbs - HEad - Neck Also contains the termination of all asc sensory pathways from the spinal cord and brain stem

Question 41

Anterior Thalamic Radiations connects ? | What does it separate

Answer 41

Connects Thalamus with Prefrontal and Cingulate Gyrus | It separates the Ant Limb of Internal Capsule

Question 42

Superior Thalamic Radiations connects ? | What does it separate

Answer 42

It connects thalamus w the motor and sensory cortices | Separates the Post Limb of Internal Capsule

Question 43

Post Thalamic Radiation connects ? | What does it separate

Answer 43

It connects the thalamus w occipital, post parietal and temporal lobe cortices It separates from the retrolenticular part of IC

Question 44

Where does the Inf Thalamic Radiation pass under ? | What does it connect

Answer 44

It passes below the lentiform nucleus | Connects the ant temporal, orbitofrontal and insular cortices and amygdala

Question 45

What is Thalamic Pain

Answer 45

Central Post - Stroke Syndrome or Pain