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PBD II Exam 2 - Micro Made Easy > Viruses I > Flashcards

Viruses I Flashcards

1
Q

positive RNA virus

A

like mRNA

-can be translated directly to proteins

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2
Q

negative RNA virus

A

need to be transcribed to mRNA first

-carry RNA-dependent RNA polymerase in their capsid

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3
Q

RNA dependent RNA polymerase

A

in negative RNA viruses - necessary to transcribe the negative RNA to mRNA that can be translated to proteins

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4
Q

virus structure

A

protein coat - capsid
-surrounds genetic material

  • some viruses further enclosed by lipid bilayer with glycoproteins
  • EITHER DNA OR RNA
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5
Q

retroviruses

A

RNA virus
-can incorporate into host DNA

has reverse transcriptase - viral RNA to DNA

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6
Q

retroviridae

A

only viruses with double stranded RNA genome

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7
Q

viruses have the genetic material

A

but not the enzymes to build replicas

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8
Q

most DNA viruses

A

have a negative and positive strand

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9
Q

negative strand of DNA viruses

A

read, while positive ignored

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10
Q

parvoviruses

A

have single stranded DNA

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11
Q

capsomer

A

building block of capsid

-globular protein

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12
Q

icosahedron

A

20 triangles of capsomers to form capsid

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13
Q

helical

A

capsomers bound to RNA

-colied into helical nucleoprotein capsule

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14
Q

naked virus

A

no membrane

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15
Q

enveloped virus

A

has membrane

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16
Q

size of pathogens

A

viruses are tiny
bacteria larger
-mycoplasm - smallest bacteria

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17
Q

HHAPPPy

A 
herpes
hepadna
adeno
papova
parvo
pox

DNA viruses**

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18
Q

most DNA viruses

A

double strand
icosahedral symmetry
replicate in nucleus

19
Q

parvoviridae

A

single strand of DNA

20
Q

poxviridae

A

double strand DNA

  • not icosahedral
  • surrounded by complex protein box
  • replicates in cytoplasm
21
Q

DNA viruses with envelopes

A

herpes
hepadna
pox

22
Q

DNA viruses that are naked

A

papova
adeno
parvo

23
Q

most RNA viruses

A

single stranded
enveloped
helical symmetry
replicate in cytoplasm

24
Q

outcome of viral infection

A

1 cell death
2 transformation - uncontrolled growths
3 latent infection
4 chronic slow infection

25
Q

orthomyxoviridae

A

all influenza viruses

26
Q

paramyxoviridae

A 
parainfluenza
resp syncytial virus
metapneumovirus
mumps
measles
27
Q

high fevers, chills, headaches, malaise, myalgias, dry cough, sore throat, rhinorrhea

A

influenza

28
Q

secondary bacterial pneumonia with influenza

A

staph aureus
haemophilus influenza
strep pneumoniae

29
Q

8 segments of negative RNA

  • spherical
  • outer membrane with HA and NA
  • M-protein anchors
A

orthomyoxyviridae

30
Q

M-protein

A

membrane proteins in orthoxymyoxyviridae anchoring HA and NA

31
Q

hemagglutinin activity

A

in orthoxymyoxyviridae

  • can attach to host sialic acid receptors
  • on surface of RBCs - clumping
  • also on upper resp tract
  • activate fusion
  • necessary for viral absorption
32
Q

neuraminidase activity

A

cleaves neuraminic acid in mucin

  • on epithelial
  • exposes sialic acid receptor
33
Q

antigenic drift

A

with influenza

  • small mutations in HA and NA
  • new for immune system
34
Q

type of influenza attacking humans

A

type A

35
Q

antigen shift

A

complete change of HA and NA in influenza
-trading of RNA segments between animal and human strains

-responsible for pandemics

36
Q

recent influenza pandemic strains

A

H1N1 (swine)

now H7N9 (avian)

37
Q

complications of flu

A

spreads to lower respiratory tract
-pneumonia

infections

  • staph aureus
  • strep pneumonia
38
Q

reyes syndrome

A

children given aspirin when have flu

-liver and brain disease

39
Q

children with flu

A

give acetaminophen
-not aspirin

reyes syndrome
-liver and brain disease

40
Q

bird flu

A

H5N1

-pandemic threat

exposure - diseased chicken or duck exposure

41
Q

high fever, headache, myalgias, abdomen pain, rhinorrhea, cough, SOB, sputum, clinical pneumonia with diffuse patchy infiltrates progressing to consolidation more than one lung zone

A

H5N1

-bird flu

42
Q

diagnosis of H5N1

A

RT-PCR

43
Q

H7N9

A

avian origin

-threat for pandemic

PBD II Exam 2 - Micro Made Easy (21 decks)

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