Micro - Bacteria III

Question 1

number one cause of death in ICU

Answer 1

septic shock

both gram - and + infections

Question 2

bacteremia

Answer 2

bacteria in blood stream

Question 3

sepsis

Answer 3

bacteremia causing systemic immune response

Question 4

septic shock

Answer 4

hypotension and organ dysfunction from sepsis

aka endotoxic shock

endogenous mediators - TNF and IL-1

Question 5

mortality of septic shock

Answer 5

up to 40% of patients die

Question 6

Tx for septic shock

Answer 6

eradicate infection

lung is most common, followed by abdomen and urinary tract

fluid and drugs to maintain BP

Question 7

most common site of septic infection

Answer 7

lung

Question 8

bacteria that produce exotoxins leading to septic shock

Answer 8

cAMP

cholera (vibrio cholera)
anthrax (bacillus anthracis)
montezumas revenge ( enterotoxigenic E. coli)
pertussis (bordetella pertussis)

Question 9

montezumas revenge

Answer 9

enterotoxigenic E. coli

Question 10

clostridium tetani

Answer 10

tetanus - uncontrolled muscle contractions

lockjaw, tetanic paralysis of resp muscles

Question 11

DTAP

Answer 11

vaccine
diptheria
tetanus
acellular pertussis

Question 12

tetanospasmin

Answer 12

tetanus toxin

neurotoxin

Question 13

clostridium botulinum

Answer 13

botulism - flaccid paralysis of muscles

from botulinum toxin (neurotoxin)

Question 14

most potent exotoxin

Answer 14

botulinum toxin

Question 15

vibrio cholera

Answer 15

causes cholera - increases cAMP

-increased NaCl excretion - pulls fluid and elecdtrolytes

Question 16

death by dehydration

Answer 16

cholera

Question 17

choleragen

Answer 17

toxin in vibrio cholera

enterotoxin

five B subunits - adhesion
two A subunits - increased cAMP - more NaCl secretion

Question 18

heat labile toxin (LT)

Answer 18

similar to choleragen

E. coli

Question 19

heat stable toxin (ST)

Answer 19

increase GMP - inhibition of NaCl resorption

E. coli

Question 20

shiga toxin

Answer 20

kills absorptive intestinal epithelial cells
-sloughing off of dead cells and poor absorption

bloody diarrhea

Question 21

hemolytic uremic syndrome

Answer 21

shiga toxin

shigella dysenteria
EHEC
EIEC

Question 22

staph aureus

Answer 22

diarrhea and vomiting less than 24 hours

Question 23

bacillus cereus

Answer 23

vomiting less than 24 hours

-limited diarrhea

Question 24

scarlet fever

Answer 24

streptococcus pyogenes

toxin - streptococcus pyogenic toxin

Question 25

toxic shock syndrome

Answer 25

staph aureus

fever, rash, desquamation, diarrhea, shock

toxin - TSST-1

**strep pyogenes can also cause TSS

Question 26

anthrax

Answer 26

bacillus anthracis

-anthrax toxin - components

Question 27

anthrax toxin

Answer 27

PA - entry into target cell
EF - impaired neutrophil and massive edema
LF - zinc metalloprotease - TNF and IL-1 release

Question 28

diptheria

Answer 28

corynbacterium diptheria

-myocarditis, peripheral nerve palsies, CNS defects

Question 29

myocarditis, peripheral nerve palsies, and CNS defects

Answer 29

diptheria

exotoxin considered a human antibiotic - inhibits protein synthesis (like tetracycline and erythromycin)

Question 30

whooping cough

Answer 30

bordetella pertussis

pertussin toxin, extracytoplasmic adenylate cyclase, filamentous hemagglutinin, tracheal cytotoxin

Question 31

DTaP

Answer 31

vaccine
diptheria
tetanus
acellular pertussis

Question 32

pseudomembranous enterocolitis

Answer 32

clostridium dificile

Question 33

bloody diarrhea, fever, abdomen pain

-with pseudomembrane formation

Answer 33

pseudomembranous enterocolitis

-C. dif