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PBD II Exam 2 - Micro Made Easy > Micro - Gram Positive Bacteria III > Flashcards

Micro - Gram Positive Bacteria III Flashcards

1
Q

3 major pathogenic staph species

A

staph aureus
staph epidermidis
staph saprophyticus

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2
Q

gold pigment when cultured on sheep blood agar

A

staph aureus**

-differentiated from other beta-hemolytic cocci

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3
Q

coagulase positive

A

only staph aureus

-ultimately causes blood to clot

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4
Q

coagulase negative

A

staph epidermidis

staph saprophyticus

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5
Q

staph proteins

A

protein A - protect from phagocytosis
coagulase - protect from phagocytosis
hemolysins - destroy blood cells
leukocidins - destroy leukocytes
penicillinase - disrupts portion of penicillin
novel penicillin binding protein - for peptidoglycan formation

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6
Q

panton-valentine leukocidin

A

produced by CA-MRSA

-gives ability to form abscesses

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7
Q

more staph proteins

A

hyaluronidase
staphylokinase
lipase
protease

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8
Q

staph aureus exotoxins

A

exfoliatin
enterotoxin
TSST-1 - superantigen

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9
Q

scalded skin syndrome exotoxin

A

exfoliatin

-staph aureus

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10
Q

exotoxin release disease from staph aureus

A

gastroenteritis - food poison
TSS
scalded skin syndrome

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11
Q

direct organ invasion from staph aureus

A 
pneumonia
meningitis
osteomyelitis
acute bacterial endocarditis
septic arthritis
skin infections
bacteremia/sepsis
UTI
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12
Q

gastroenteritis

A

food poisoning
-staph produce exotoxin in food

nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain - 12-24 hours

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13
Q

toxic shock syndrome

A

staph auresus - TSST-1

-increases TNF an IL-1

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14
Q

acute high fever, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, followed by diffuse erythematous rash with desquamation of palms and soles

A

toxic shock syndrome
-staph aureus

also septic shock

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15
Q

staph scalded skin syndrome

A

staph aureus - exfoliative toxin A and B
-neonates with local infection of recently severed mubilicus or older children with skin infections

most rule out drug allergy

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16
Q

bone infection in boys under 12 year old

A

osteomyelitis due to staph aureus

17
Q

sudden high fever, chills, myalgias

A

acute endocarditis

staph aureus

18
Q

disease from staph due to exotoxin release

A

gastroenteritis
TSS
scalded skin syndrome

19
Q

diseases from staph due to organ damage

A 
pneumonia
osteomyelitis
acute endocarditis
septic arthritis
skin infection
blood and catheter infections
20
Q

pneumonia following viral influenza in hospitalized patient
-abrupt onset of fever, c chills, lobar consolidation of lung, rapid destruction of parenchyma, cavitations in lung, effusion and empyema

A

staph aureus - rare cause of pneumonia

21
Q

IV drug users

A

develop right sided tricuspid valve endocarditis and may present with pneumonia caused by bacterial embolization

-staph aureus - rapid onset

22
Q

septic arthritis

A

infection of synovial membrane with staph aureus

23
Q

most common pathogen causing septic arthritis in pediatric age group and adults over age 50

A

staph aureus

24
Q

skin infections

A

almost exclusively caused by strep pyogenes or staph aureus

-difficult to differentiate

25
Q

impetigo

A

infection on face around moth

  • small vesicles lead to pustules
  • crust over, honey colored, wet, flaky

staph aureus

26
Q

cellulitis

A

deep infection of cells
-tissue - hot, red, shiny, swollen

staph aureus

27
Q

abscess

A

collection of pus

28
Q

furuncle

A

follicle infection penetrates to subQ tissue

29
Q

carbuncle

A

furuncles that communicate under the skin

30
Q

MRSA

A

methicillin resistant staph aureus

  • acquired chromosomal DNA segment mecA
  • encodes penicillin binding protein 2A

vancomycin - useful antibiotic against MRSA
-however, now becoming resistant

31
Q

CA-MRSA

A

community acquired methicillin resistant staph aureus

carries PVL

gene encoding methicillin resistance - SCCmec
-CA-MRSA better at spreading SCCmec

32
Q

predominant methicillin resistant staph bacterium in and outside the hospital

A

CA-MRSA

33
Q

staph epidermidis

A

normal bacterial flora
-coagulase negative

active in compromised hospital patients with foley catheters or IV lines

also frequent skin contaminant of blood cultures

34
Q

infection of prosthetic devices

A

staphylococcus epidermidis

forms biofilms on catheters

35
Q

staph saprophyticus

A

second leading cause of UTIs
-sexually active young women

coagulase negative

36
Q

UTI in sexually active women

A

staph saprophyticus

gram positive cocci in clusters
catalase positive
coagulase negative

PBD II Exam 2 - Micro Made Easy (21 decks)

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