Micro - Bacteria II Flashcards
catalase
breaks down hydrogen peroxide
to water and O2
peroxidase
breaks down H2O2
superoxide dismutase
breaks down superoxide radicals
obligate aerobes
have all enzymes
use glycolysis, TCA cycle, ETC and ox phos
facultative anaerobes
are aerobic, but can grown in absence of O2 using fermentation
have catalse and superoxide dismutase
microaerophilic bacteria
use fermentation
-can tolerate low oxygen because they have SOD
obligate anaerobes
no enzymes
gram positive obligate anaerobes
clostridium
gram negative obligate anaerobes
bacteriodes
gram negative microaerophilic
spirochetes
campylobacter
phototrophs
light as energy source
chemotrophs
chemical compounds as energy source
autotrophs
inorganic sources of energy
heterotrophs
use organic sources of energy
fermentation
glycolysis
glucose > pyruvic acid + ATP
embden meyerhof pathway
respiration
glycolysis
krebs TCA cycle
ETC
ox phos
obligate intracellular organisms
must steal ATP from host
chlamydia and rickettsia
flagella
protein filament
- for movement
- attached to basal body (which spins flagellum)
single polar flagella
vibrio cholera
many peritrichous flagella
all around the cell
E. coli
proteus mirabilis
no flagella
shigella
periplasmic flagella
spirochetes
pili
non-motile and shorter
-adherence factors
neisseria gonorrhea
pili allowing it to attach to cervical cells and buccal cells to cause gonorrhea
bordetella pertussis
adhesion to ciliated respiratory cells
whooping cough
capsules
protective cell walls
-simple sugar residues
amino acid residue
bacillus anthracis
india ink stain
not taken up by capsule
-so it appears as a halo
used to identify cryptococcus
quellung reaction
bacteria mixed with Abs for capsule
-causes capsule to swell with water
endospores
dormant forms of bacteria resistant to environment
in bacillus and clostridium
exosporium
outer layer of endospore
biofilm
extracellular polysaccharide network
allows binding - ex. prosthetics
staphylococcus epidermidis
biofilms on IV catheters and can then lead to bacteremia
facultative intracellular organisms
survive within cells unharmed
-inhibit phagolysosome-lysosome fusion
Listen Sally Yer Friend Bruce Must Leave Now
Listeria monocytogenes Salmonella typhi Yersinia Francisella tulaneris Brucella Mycobacterium Legionella Nocardium
**facultative intracellular organisms
exotoxins
released by most gram + and gram - vibrio cholera and E. coli
ex/ anthrax, botulism, tetanus, cholera
vibrio cholera
gram negative
enterotoxins
exotoxins that cause GI symptoms
-diarrhea
food poisoning
bacteria grown in food and release enterotoxin
ingested food causes diarrhea and vomiting less than 24 hours
bacillus cereus
staph aureus
pyrogenic exotoxins
release cytokines causing rash, fever, TXX
staph aureus
streptococcus pyogenes
tissue invasive exotoxins
allow bacteria to destroy and tunnel through tissue
B H A L
binding
holding
action
laser
**exotoxins
lipid A
part of outer membrane LPS in gram negative
very toxic
-can lead to shock
