Micro - Gram Negative Bacteria V

Question 1

gram negative rods

Answer 1

haemophilus influenza
bordetella pertussis
legionella pueumophila

all acquired through respiratory tract

Question 2

capsule with invasive influenza

Answer 2

type B

Question 3

nonencapsulated haemophilus influenza

Answer 3

only cause local infection

• otitis media in children
• resp disease in adults

Question 4

patients with COPD with worsened wheezing, SOB, and cough

Answer 4

haemophilus influenza

Question 5

acute epiglottitis

Answer 5

haemophilus influenza type B

Question 6

sore throat and fever, stridor, unable to swallow, excessive saliva, epiglottis red cherry color

Answer 6

haemophilus influenza type B

acute eppiglotitis

Question 7

most common cause of septic arthritis in infants

Answer 7

haemophilus influenza type B

commonly affects single joint

Question 8

passive immunization

Answer 8

women in 8th month of pregnancy with h. influenza can be passed to breast milk

Question 9

chancroid

Answer 9

caused by haemophilus ducreyi

• painful genital ulcer
• unilateral painful swollen inguinal lymph node

ulcer and nodes coexist

Question 10

chancroid vs. herpes

Answer 10

both painful lesions

• but chancroid - no fever
• herpes - myalgias and fever

Question 11

lypmhogranuloma venereum

Answer 11

chlamydia trachomatis

• painless lymph nodes
• ulcer disappears before nodes enlarged

Question 12

diagnosis in cases of genital ulcers

Answer 12

PCR multiplex

-amplifies and detects DNA all at same time

Question 13

HACEK that cause endocarditis

Answer 13

haemophilus
actinobacillus
cardiobacterium
eikenella
kingella

Question 14

bacterial vaginitis

Answer 14

caused by gardnerella vaginalis

Question 15

labia pruritis, fishy odor vaginal discharge

Answer 15

bacterial vaginitis

-gardnerella vaginalis

Question 16

clue cells

Answer 16

vaginal epithelial cells with tiny pleomorphic bacilli in cytoplasm
-for diagnosis of gardnerella vaginalis

Question 17

pertussis

Answer 17

caused by bordetella pertussis

whooping cough

Question 18

virulence factors of bordetella pertussis

Answer 18

pertussis toxin
extra cytoplasmic adenylate cyclase
filamentous hemaglutinin
tracheal cytotoxin

Question 19

pertussis toxin

Answer 19

histamine sensitization
increased insulin synthesis
promotion of lymphocyte production and inhibition of phagocytosis

Question 20

FHA

Answer 20

pertussis virulence factor

-pili rod binding cells to epithelial cells of bronchi

Question 21

3 stages of whooping cough

Answer 21

**most cases in adolescents and adults

1 - catarrhal stage
2 - paroxysmal stage
3 - convalescent stage - attacks less frequent, not contagious

Question 22

catarrhal stage of whooping cough

Answer 22

lasts 1-2 weeks

-low grade fever, runny nose, sneezing, mild cough

Question 23

paroxysmal stage of whooping cough

Answer 23

fever subsides

• characteristic bursts of nonproductive cough
• 5-20 coughs followed by whooping breath

lasts month or longer

Question 24

frequent cause of unexplained cough in adolescents and adults

Answer 24

bordetella pertussis

-will see increased lymphocyte count with only a modest increase in neutrophils

Question 25

bordet-genou medium

Answer 25

for bordetella pertussis

-uses non-cotton swab - calcium alginate

Question 26

legionella pneumophila

Answer 26

aerobic gram negative rod

• facultative intracellular parasite
• can survive in biofilm

pontiac fever and legionnaires disease

Question 27

pontiac fever

Answer 27

caused by leginoella pneumophila

• headache, muscle aches, fatigue
• followed by fever and chills
• strikes suddenly, resolves in a week

Question 28

legionnaires disease

Answer 28

legionella pneumophila

• very high fever and severe pneumonia
• lobar consolidative pneumonia
• fever with pulse temperature dossociation
• high fever / low HR

-also cough, myalgia, confusion, headache, hyponatremia, hypophosptatemia, elevated liver enzymes

Question 29

primary cause of meningitis in infants 3-36 months old

Answer 29

Haemophilus influenza type b

Question 30

chancroid

Answer 30

caused by haemophilus ducreyi