Micro - Gram Negative Bacteria VII Flashcards
gram negative obligate intracellular parasites
chlamydia - needs to steal ATP
rickettsia - can oxidize certain molecules to ATP
how to culture chlamydia and rickettsia
usually into embryo yolk sac
bc they can’t make ATP
chlamydia
gram negative
-no peptidoglycan layer and no muramic acid
likes columnar epithelial cells
-conjunctivits, cervicitis, pneumonia
chlamydia life cycle
elementary body (EB) - does not divide
- attaches and enters columnar epithelial cells
- inhibits phagosome-lysosome fusion and grows
initial body (reticulate body) - EB RNA increase and split by binary fission -some back to EB - released from cell
species of chlamydia
trachomatis - eyes, genitals lungs
psittaci and pneumonia - lungs
chlamydia trachomatis
eyes and genitals
trachoma
chronic conjunctivitis
-from chlamydia trachomatis
most common cause of preventable blindness in world
trachoma
-native americans frequently infected
most common STD in US
chlamydia trachomatis
inclusion conjunctivitis
babies delivered in birth canals with chlamydia trachomatis
-purulent yellow discharge and swelling of eyelids 5-14 days after birth
diagnosis of chlamydia trachomatis
basophilic intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies
4-11 weeks old - upper respiratory symptoms followed by rapid breathing, cough, and resp distress
infant pneumonia caused by chlamydia trachomatis
Dx - confirmed by presence of anti-chlamydia IgM Abs
most common cause of urethritis
non-gonnococcal
-chlamydia trachomatis and ureaplasma urealyticum
second cause - neisseria gonorrhea
diagnosis for gonorrhea and chlamydia
nucleic acid amplification test
-PCR
PID
caused by both chlamydia trachomatis and neisseria gonorrhea
PD shuffle
chandelier sign
can lead to infertility, ectopic pregnancy, and chronic pelvic pain
unilateral scrotal swelling, tenderness, pain, with fever
chlamydial epididymitis
reiters syndrome
inflammatory arthritis of large joints
-young men - aged 20-40
caused by chlamydia trochamitis
fitz-hugh-curtis syndrome
infection of liver capsule with Sx of RUQ pain in men and women
-either cylamydia or gonoccocal infection
lymphogranuloma venereum
caused by chlamydia trachomatis
- painless bump on genitals that heals
- migrate to regional nodes - tender and may break open
psittacosis
caused by chlamydia psittaci
-common with bird breeders, vets, pet shop workers, poultry slaughterhouse workers
atypical pneumonia
atypical pneumonia in bird handler
chlamydia psittaci
-psittacosis
atypical pneumonia
viruses
mycobacterium pneumoniae
chlamydophila
TWAR
species of chlamydophila pneumonia
- causes atypical pneumonia
- original isolation in taiwan
small, non-motile, gram negative rod
rickettsia
-obligate intracellular parasite
requires arthropod vector
tropism for endothelial cells
rickettsia
Weil felix test
uses proteus vulgaris antigens to confirm rickettsial diagnosis
Ox-2, Ox-19, Ox-K
rockettsia rockettsii
rocky mountain spotted fever
-tick bite
fever, conjunctival redness, headache, rash wrists and ankles to soles and palms then to trunk
most in south east US
-often resolves - can result in death
fever, conjunctival redness, headache, rash on soles of feet and palms
rocky mountain spotted fever
-positive Ox-2 and Ox-19
rickettsialpox
caused by rickettsia akaria
-transmitted via mites
initial localized skin bump turns to blister
- fever and headache develop
- vesicles appear all over body
epidemic typhus
caused by rickettsial prowazekii
-positive Ox-19
-flying squirrel reservoir
abrupt fever, headache
- small pink macules on upper trunk - then entire body
- spares palms, soles, and face
epidemic
sudden onset and rapid spread of infection
endemic
infection existing constantly throughout population
brill-zinsser disease
rickettsia prowazekii breaks out of latent state
-no skin rash**
diagnosis - rise in IgG for ricketsia prowazekii
IgM - occurs in primary infection
endemic typhus
rickettsia typhi
- flea born
- fever, headache, flat bumpy rash develops
tsutsugamushi fever
caused by rickettsia tsutsugamushi
-asian and southwest pacific
spread by chiggers (larvae) of mites
- high fever, headache, scab at original bite site
- flat bumpy rash develops
traveler returns from sub-saharan africa with unexplained fever
rickettsia africae
trench fever
caused by bartonella quintana
-not an obligate intracellular organism
- high fever, rash, headache, severe back and leg pain
- recover - then relapse 5 days later
- multiple relapses
high fever, rash, headache, severe back and leg pain
-recover, then relapse five days later
trench fever
-bartonella quintana
cat-scratch disease
bartonella henselae
- follows cat scratch of bite
- low grade fever and malaise
Q fever
coxiella burnetti
no endospore form
- resistant to heat and drying
- extracellular existence - outside host cell
- non-arthropod transmission
- mild pneumonia may develop
- no rash
abrupt fever and soaking sweats with pneumonia
cylamydia serotypes
A,B,C - trachoma - scarring inside eyelid
D-K - inclusion conjunctivitis, nongonococcal urethritis, PID
diagnosis of urethritis
PCR of urethral swap or urine sample
positive Ox-K
rickettsia tsutsugumashi
positive Ox-19
rickettsia prowazekii or rickettsia typhi
