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PBD II Exam 2 - Micro Made Easy > Micro - Gram Positive Bacteria IV > Flashcards

Micro - Gram Positive Bacteria IV Flashcards

1
Q

6 medically important gram positive

A 
streptococcus
staphylococcus
bacillus
clostridium
corynebacterium diptheriae
listeria monocytogenes
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2
Q

gram positive rods spore formers

A

bacillus and clostridium

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3
Q

aerobic spore form gram positive rods

A

bacillus

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4
Q

bacillus

A

aerobic spore forming gram positive

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5
Q

anaerobic spore form gram positive rods

A

clostridium

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6
Q

clostridium

A

anaerobic spore forming gram positive

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7
Q

anthrax

A

bacillus anthracis

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8
Q

food poisoning

A

bacillus cereus

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9
Q

protein capsule

A

bacillus anthracis

prevents phagocytosis

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10
Q

pX01 and pX02

A

plasmid with virulence factors in bacillus anthracis

pX01 - exotoxins

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11
Q

most common route for bacillus anthracis

A

cutaneous infection

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12
Q

painless black lesion with a rim of edema

A

aka malignant pustule
-caused by bacillus anthracis

usually resolves spontaneously

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13
Q

woolsorters disease

A

pulmonary anthrax

-mediastinal widening - on chest radiograph and CT - enlarged area above heart

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14
Q

anthrax exotoxins

A

edema factor (EF) - increased cAMP - impairs neutrophils and causes massive edema

protective antigen (PA) - promotes entry of EF into cells

lethal factor (LF) - zinc metalloprotease - increase TNF and IL-1 from macrophages - death

encoded on pX01

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15
Q

pX02

A

plasmid in bacillus anthracis
-encodes genes for poly-glutamyl capsule

inhibits phagocytosis

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16
Q

bacillus cereus enterotoxins

A

heat labile

heat stable

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17
Q

heat labile toxin

A

enterotoxin in bacillus cereus
-nausea, abdomen pain, diarrhea

similar to cholera and E. coli

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18
Q

heat stable toxin

A

enterotoxin in bacillus cereus
-nausea and vomiting with limited diarrhea

similar to staph aureus

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19
Q

anaerobic gram positive spore forming rods

A

clostridium

20
Q

differentiate clostridium from bacillus?

A

both gram positive spore forming rods

  • however - bacillus - aerobic
  • clostridium - anaerobic

do in anaerobic culture

21
Q

botulism

A

clostridium botulinum

22
Q

flaccid muscle paralysis

A

botulisum

clostridium botulinum

23
Q

eating smoked fish or home-canned vegatable

A

transmission of botulism

24
Q

bilateral cranial nerve palsies with double vision, dysphagia, general muscle weakness, respiratory paralysis, death

A

botulism in adults

25
Q

fresh honey ingestion

A

botulism in infants

26
Q

constipated infant for 2-3 days, followed by muscle weakness or dysphagia

A

floppy baby

-botulism

27
Q

wound botulism

A

no prodromal GI symptoms and longer incubation

-have associated fever

28
Q

tetanus

A

clostridium tetanus

29
Q

puncture by a nail

A

tetanus

-caused by clostridium tetanus

30
Q

exotin of clostridium tetanus

A

tetanospasmin

  • taken up at NMJ
  • inhibits inhibitory neurons (GABA release)
  • sustained contraction
31
Q

sustained contraction

A

tetanus

32
Q

severe muscle spasm, lockjaw, grinning expression

A

tetanus

33
Q

trismus

A

lockjaw

34
Q

risus sardonicus

A

grinning expression in tetanus

35
Q

gas gangrene

A

clostridium perfringes

cellulitis/wound infection - with crepitus
myonecrosis
diarrhea - watery

36
Q

pseudomembranous enterocolitis

A

clostridium dificile

-severe diarrhea, abdominal cramping, fever

37
Q

necrotic skin with crepitus and thin blackish fluid leaving skin

A

clostridium perfringes

-gas gangrene

38
Q

diarrhea while on antibiotics or within month of using them

A

clostridium dificile

39
Q

diagnosis for c. dificile

A

PCR testing for tixin A and toxin B

  • quick turn around
  • results within an hour

EIA also - but only 75% sensitive

40
Q

Tx for c. dificile

A

vancomycin

41
Q

colonoscopy of red inflamed mucosa with white exudate

A

pseudomembranes

-c. dificile infection

42
Q

gram positive rodes with drumstick shape on gram stain

A

clostridium tetani

-endospore on one end

43
Q

PCR for toxin A and toxin B

A

for clostridium difficile

44
Q

toxin A

A

c dif

-diarrhea

45
Q

toxin B

A

c dif

-cytotoxic to colonic epithelial cells

PBD II Exam 2 - Micro Made Easy (21 decks)

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