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Microbiology > Virus Lecture 17 > Flashcards

Virus Lecture 17 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What was the phrase used to describe the first virus in regards to its ability to move through a mesh filter?

A

Contageum vivum fluidum

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2
Q

The first virus found?

A

Tobacco mosaic virus

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3
Q

What was the first animal virus filtered?

A

Foot and mouth disease

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4
Q

T:F Viruses are the most abundant type of biological entity.

A

True

They are found in almost every ecosystem on earth

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5
Q

What is a viruses size?

A

10^-7 m to 10^-8 m and need an electron microscope to see them.

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6
Q

Are viruses intracellular parasites?

A

Yes. They are obligate intracellular parasites.

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7
Q

T:F Viruses are sensitive to bacteria.

A

False

They are NOT sensitive to antibiotics

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8
Q

Are viruses are sensitive to interferon?

A

Yes

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9
Q

How do viruses gain energy?

A

They take over the host cellular metabolism.

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10
Q

T:F Viruses do not have specific hosts?

A

False

Most viruses are host specific

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11
Q

Virion

A

A complete virus particle that consists of an RNA or DNA core with a protein coat sometimes with external envelopes and that is the extracellular infective form of a virus.

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12
Q

Any aspect of the infectious agent and includes: the infectious (Virion) or inactivated virus particle

A

Virus

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13
Q

Why is the study of virology important?

A

Viruses cause high mortality and morbidity rates and some are zoonotic

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14
Q

What is a capsid?

A

The protein shell of a virus. It usually is symmetrical and used in identification

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15
Q

The basic subunit protein in the capsid of a virus is called?

A

Capsomer

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16
Q

Nucleocapsid is?

A

Capsid + Virus Nucleic Acid (DNA or RNA)/Genome

17
Q

The lipid bilayer with embedded proteins that some viruses have is called?

A

Envelope

18
Q

What does the envelope do?

A

Facilitates entry into host and may help with immune system evasion.

19
Q

Virus Genome is either?

A

RNA or DNA

20
Q

Nucleic acid is either?

A

RNA
DNA
Both, but at different life stages

21
Q

Shape of nucleic acid

A

Linear
Circular
Segmented

22
Q

Strandedness

A

Single
Double
Double with regions of single

23
Q

Sense

A

Positive
Negative
Ambisense (+/-)

24
Q

Positive sense viral RNA is similar to?

A

mRNA and can be immediately translated by the host cell

25
Q

What sense viral RNA needs to be converted before translation?

A

Negative sense, it is complementary to mRNA

26
Q

What are the DNA Viruses

A 
Circovirus
Parvovirus
Hepadnavirus
Papovavirus
Adenovirus
Herpesvirus
Poxvirus 
(I need one of Nic's inappropriate acronyms here)
27
Q

What steps must a virus go through to be successful?

A

Escape from the host or reservoir of infection
Transport to the new host
Entry to the new host
Escape from the new host

28
Q

Vertical transmission

A

From mother to fetus or newborn at childbirth

29
Q

Transmission between members of the same species?

A

Horizontal transmission

30
Q

Cross species transmission

A

Transmission between species

31
Q

Transmission between humans to animals or vice versa?

A

Zoonosis (anthropozoonosis)

32
Q

Transmission of viral disease?

A

Person to person
Food and water (fecal-oral)
Insect vectors
Fomites (nonliving objects)

33
Q

Steps virus replication

A 
Attachment
Penetration
Uncoating
Synthesis of viral nucleic acid and protein
Assembly and maturation
Release in large numbers
34
Q

What are the four outcomes for a cell after viral infection?

A

Cell Death- Lysis, Alteration Cell Membrane, Apoptosis (cell suicide)
No apparent change to infected cell (Latent, Persistent or chronic infection)
Fusion of cells- multinucleated (viral syncytium)
Malignant Transformation (tumor)

35
Q

Characteristics of nercrosis

A 
Chromatin clumping 
Swollen organelles
Flocculent mitochondria
Disintegration
Release of intracellular contents
Inflammation
36
Q

Characteristics of apoptosis

A 
Mild convolution
Chromatin compaction and segregation
Condensation of cytoplasm
Nuclear fragmentation
Blebbing
Apoptotic bodies
Phagocytosis

Microbiology (15 decks)

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