BacT lecture 7 Flashcards
Gram-neg bacteria rods and cocci Nonfermenting, aerobic/ microaerophilic important Genera
Pseudomonas
Brucella
Describe Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Opportunist environmental microorganism
Highly antimicrobial resistance - nosocomial infections
All animals
Specifically in dogs- ear infections, UTI
Describe Brucella
Hard to grow in lab because it is a strict aerobes and grow very slowly
Facultative intracellular pathogen
Causes Brucellosis - affects organs rich in sugar erythritol
Causes infertility, sterility, mastitis, abortion
Carried asymptomatically
What are the 4 species of Brucella?
Brucella abortus - cattle
Brucella melitensis - sheep and goats
Brucella suis - swine
Brucella canis - dogs
How is Brucella unique?
Reproductive system and general illness
Survive in macrophages (Stops macrophages from lysing)
Zoonotic and some non zoonotic
Persists in several counties
Gram-neg bacteria Nonfermenting, aerobic/microaerophilic spiral shape and spirochette
Spiral shape
Genus Campylobacter
Spirochette
Genera Leptospira
Genera Borrelia
Most Campylobacter species are?
Pathogenic and can infect humans and animals
Campylobacter jejuni cause?
Gastrointestinal disease in many species
One of the main causes of bacterial foodborne disease in many developing countries
Genus Leptospira are?
Spirochete, gram- neg, pathogenic leptospires are included in species L. interrogans
Genus Leptospira cause?
Leptospirosis. It is in the urine of infected carrier animals
Genus Borrelia are?
Spirochetes, gram- neg
Genus Borrelia species example is?
Borrelia burgdorferi
Causes lyme disease (borreliosis) in humans and animals
Transmitted by ticks
Class Mollicutes are?
Contain no cell wall - no peptidoglycan
They are the smallest prokaryotic cells capable of self replication
Genera Mycoplasma and Ureaplama are the only with pathogenic species.
Genus Mycoplasma unique characteristics are?
Need special media and forms fried egg colonies.
M. pneumonia - walking pneumonia in humans
M. bovis -pneumonia and arthritis in cattle
Do not stain
Cannot use Beta Lactins antibiotics.
Obligate intracellular pathogens two genera of importance?
Chlamydia
Richettsia
Genus Chlamydia are
Gram-neg pleomorphic, obligate intracellular.
Energy parasites, do not generate ATP depend on host ATP
Chlamydophyla psittaci cause what?
psittacosis in humans and avian chlamydosis in birds and bovine abortion.
Zoonotic disease
Infect mucous membranes of respiratory and GI tract.
Genus Rickettsia are?
Gram-neg cocobacilli, obligate intracellular bacteria
Rickettsia rickettsia causes?
Rocky MT spotted fever in humans and in dogs
Vector is a tick
What are the two bacteria that have vectors?
Rickettsia
Borrelia
T:F There are more pathogenic fungi than beneficial.
False
There is more beneficial effects than harmful effects of fungi.
When are animal susceptible to fungi infections?
Suppressed immune systems
Which are more susceptible to fungi infections- animal or plants?
Plants
What is the direct difference between fungi and bacteria in the cell type?
Fungi are Eukaryotic
Bacteria are Pokaryotic
What is the direct difference between fungi and bacteria in the cell membrane?
Fungi have sterols present (ergosterol)
Bacteria sterols absent, except in mycoplasma spp.
What is the direct difference between fungi and bacteria in the cell wall composition?
Fungi contain glucans, mannans, chitin (No peptidoglycan)
Bacteria have peptidoglycan
What is the direct difference between fungi and bacteria in the metabolism?
Fungi are heterotrophs; aerobic, facultatively anaerobic
Bacteria are heterotrophic, autotrophic, photosythetic, aerobic, anaerobic, facultative anaerobic
Fungi are saprophytes which mean?
They obtain nutrients by decomposing dead and decaying matter
Pathogenic disease causing fungi are known as
Mycosis or Mycoses
Fungi that produce toxins that cause disease are called?
Mycotoxicosis or Mycotoxicoses
Classification of fungi based on morphology of the thallus is through?
Asexual structures are referred to as anamorphs
Classification of fungi based on sexual reproduction through?
Sexual structures known as telomorphs
Classification of the whole fungus is known as?
The holomorph
The three classifications of fungi based on morphology are?
Molds
Yeast
Dimorphic
Molds are?
Filamentous fungi from which is a vegetative growth of filaments
Yeast are?
Single celled, cells that bud to form blastoconidia
Dimorphic fungi are?
Fungi that exist in two different morphological forms at two different environmental conditions.
What are the two morphological forms of dimorphic fungi?
They exist as yeast in tissue and in vitro at 37C and as mold in their natural habitat and in vitro at room temp
Structures such as mushrooms consist simply of a number of filaments packed tightly together and reproduction is by?
asexual spores (conidia/sporangiopores)
Conidia are produced in structures called?
Sporangiopores are produced in a structure called?
Conidiophores
Sporangiophore
Fungal filaments are also known as?
Hyphae
A mass of hyphae collectively make up the?
Mycelium
What are the two kinds of hyphae?
Non-septate
Septate
What is it called when yeast buds fail to detach?
Pseudohyphae
What are the four classifications of mycosis?
Superficial
Cataneous mycoses
Subcutaneous mycoses
Deep/systemic mycoses
Superficial mycoses are?
Outer skin layer - no immune response; caused mostly by yeast.
Cutaneous mycoses are?
Epidermal layers - evoke immune response
Subcutaneous mycoses are?
Chronic infection of subdermal tissue; may require surgical intervention
Deep/systemic mycoses are?
Mostly originating in the lung caused by virulent dimorphic fungi
Most common fungal infections are caused by?
Opportunistic mycosis
The three most representative genera for fungal infections are?
Canadida albicans: Candidiasis
Cryptococcus neoformans: Cryptococcosis
Aspergillus sp: Aspergillosis
Opportunistic mycosis in Candidiasis are?
Superficial or deep
Alimentary tract and IV catheters are sources for deep
Kidney, liver, spleen, brain, eyes, heart.
Risk factors long broad spectrum antibiotic use, chemo, corticosteroids, IV catheters
Mycotoxicosis
Group of illnesses and disorders in HB and animal resulting from toxic secondary metabolites (mycotoxins) produced by some fungi species.
Claviceps
Rye mold - contaminated rye produces ergot and leads to ergotism
Aspergillus
Produces aflatoxin; which grow in many plant materials; low levels of toxin can be carcinogenic.
Amanita
Poisonous mushroom
