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Microbiology > BacT Lec 2 > Flashcards

BacT Lec 2 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are some extracellular bacterial structures?

A 
Flagella
endoflagella/axial filament
Pili/fimbriae
Capsule
Biofilm
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2
Q

What are some intracellular bacterial structures?

A

Nuclear material
Ribosomes
Inclusion granules
Endospores

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3
Q

Flagella

A

*Locomotion/Motility
*Number and arrangement can be used for identification
Long, thin structures that extend outward from the surface of the envelope

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4
Q

Monotrichous Flagella

A

only one flagellum extending from one end of the bacterium

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5
Q

Many flagella extending from one end of the bacterium

A

Lophotrichous Flagella

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6
Q

Amphitrichous Flagella

A

One flagellum extending from each of the bacterium

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7
Q

Flagella extending from many different sites on the bacterium

A

Peritrichous Flagella

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8
Q

Endoflagella/axial filaments

A

Present in periplasmic space (*inside the bacteria) of spirochettes

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9
Q

*Name two bacteria that move with the use of Endoflagella/axial filaments.

A
  • Treponema pallidum

* Leptospira

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10
Q

Pili/fimbria

A

Small thread like structures that facilitate *adherence to the host and *contribute to antigenicity. Also use to *attach bacteria to maintain themselves in a favorable environment.

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11
Q

Give an example of bacteria with Pili/fimbria

A

Bordetella bronchiseptica

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12
Q

*What is conjugation?

A

Through *sex pili that allow one bacterial cell adhere to another and exchange genetic material.

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13
Q

*What may cause pili loss?

A

*Mutation in disease-causing bacteria.

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14
Q

*Will pili reestablish if lost?

A

*Nope

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15
Q

Capsule (thick glycocalix) Polysaccharide (Not present in all bacteria)

A

Protect against phagocytosis
*protect form drying out
help adhere to a surface where conditions are favorable for growth

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16
Q

Name a bacteria with a capsule.

A

Bacillus anthracis - Discovered by Sir John McFadyean

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17
Q

Biofilm

A

Microbes come together in masses cling to surfaces, produces extracellular substances and take in nutrients and biofilm
Mech used to increase virulence

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18
Q

Give an example of a biofilm

A

Dental Plaque

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19
Q

*Nucleoid

A

Nuclear region is a mass of DNA; well defined although it is not surrounded by membrane.

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20
Q

*Plasmids

A

Smaller circular DNA molecules

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21
Q

Ribosomes

A

Site of protein synthesis. 70S ribosomes composed of *50S and *30S subunits

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22
Q

Inclusion granules

A

Stores nutrients for times of nutrient shortage.

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23
Q

Endospores

A

A dormant form that is produced when essential nutrients are depleted in certain bacteria

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24
Q

*What protects the endospore form damage?

A

*Organic acid called Dipicolinic acid

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25
Q

Name two examples of bacteria that develop endospores?

A

Clostridium tetani, Bacillus anthracis

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26
Q

What type of bacteria develop endospores?

A

Low G+C Gram-Postive

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27
Q

*How do bacteria reproduce?

A

*Binary fission

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28
Q

The time required for the number of bacteria in a culture to double is called?

A

*generation time (G)

29
Q

Two common methods of measuring bacterial mass in liquid cultures.

A

Tubidity

Colony counting

30
Q

*Tubidity

A

A measure of total bacteria (live and dead)

31
Q

*Colony Counting

A

The number of viable bacteria in a culture

32
Q

Three requirements for bacterial growth.

A

Sources of energy “organic” carbon
Metal ions
Optimal temp, pH and need or lack of need for oxygen

33
Q

Three forms of bacterial metabolism.

A

Aerobic Respiration - Molecular Oxygen
Anaerobic Respiration - No Molecular Oxygen
Fermentation - Anaerobic or Aerobic - Facultative anaerobic bacteria

34
Q

4 environmental factors influencing bacterial growth

A

Temperature
Hydrogen ion
Water activity
Atmosphere

35
Q

Methods used to limit microbial growth

A 
Refrigeration
Freezing
Boiling
Pasteurization
Acidification
Increase osmotic pressure
Oxygen removal
Drying
Gamma irradiation
Hydrostatic pressure
Chemical additives
36
Q

Sterilization Methods

A 
Moist heat
Dry heat
Incineration
Alcohol flame
Gamma irradiation
UV light
Membrane filtration
Cemical
37
Q

Types of culture media (non selective)

A

Liquid (broth)
Solid (Agar Media)
Trypticase soy agar with blood

38
Q

Selective media culture types

A

Phenylethyl Alcohol Blood Agar
MacConkey Agar
Hektoen Enteric Agar

39
Q

PEA culture media is for?

A

Gram-Positive

40
Q

MacConkey Agar media is for?

A

Gram-Negative

41
Q

Bacterial identification methods

A 
Biochemical
Antigenic
Phage typing
Virulence typing
Whole-cell fatty acid analysis
Genetic analysis
Protein analysis
Enzyme isotyping
42
Q

Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization-Time of Flight-Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF)

A

Measure a unique molecular fingerprint of an organism. Specifically measures highly abundant proteins that are found in all microorganisms

43
Q

What are the only bacteria that have the Endoflagella/axial filaments?

A

Gram-Negative

44
Q

*What staining is used to detect capsule on bacteria

A

*Simple Polychrome Methylene Blue

45
Q

Origin of cross contamination?

A

Biofilms

46
Q

What is the structure of bacteria DNA?

A

Chromosome *Supercoiled

47
Q

T:F Prokaryotic ribosomes are larger than eukaryotic ribosomes.

A

False

Prokaryotic ribosomes are smaller than eukaryotic ribosomes.

48
Q

Bacteria in endospore form are considered?

A

Extraordinary Resistant: Because they are not readily killed by many antimicrobial treatments

49
Q

*What are the three location of endospores?

A

*Center, terminal, sub-terminal

50
Q

How can the locations of the endospores help?

A

Location of endospores is used for identification

51
Q

*What gives endospores their resistant?

A

*Dipicolinic acid

52
Q

*Pilli/Fimbriae’s presence on a bacteria greatly increase?

A

*The bacteria’s ability to attach to the host and cause disease.

53
Q

What are some environmental stresses that would normally kill bacteria, but endosores can survive?

A 
High Temp
High UV Irradiation
Desiccation
Chemical Damage
Enzymatic Destruction
54
Q

T:F Bacteria endospores are a form of reproduction.

A

False

It is a survival technique

55
Q

When do bacteria reproduce?

A

Under suitable conditions. Proper nutrients, temp, and atmosphere

56
Q

Two daughter cells grow and divide at the same rate as parent cells is know as?

A

*Exponential or Logarithmic Growth Rate

57
Q

Knowing a bacteria’s generation time can help us?

A

Differentiate between bacteria

58
Q

Plotting the log of turbidity or number of living cells versus time is referred to at?

A

The growth curve

59
Q

What are the three phases of bacterial growth?

A 
Lag Phase (adaptive)
Log Phase (exponential)
Stationary Phase
60
Q

Draw the complete bacterial growth phase.

A

Refer to slide 26 of Lecture 2 BacT.

61
Q

Which is more accurate turbidity or colony counting?

A

Colony Counting

62
Q

How much growth is happening in the Lag Phase?

A

Very little

63
Q

What is needed for the Log Phase to be successful?

A

All the nutrients required, as well as proper temperature, pH and etc.

64
Q

Which growth phase is it when nutrients becomes depleted?

A

Stationary Phase

65
Q

Oxygen required for growth

A

Aerobic, Microaerophilic (Req O2, High O2 is toxic), & Capnophilic (High CO2)

66
Q

Oxygen not required or utilized for growth

A

Obligately Anaerobic (Death by normal atmospheric O2 concentration), Aerotolerant Anaerobe (Poor growth in O2)

67
Q

Oxygen not required but can be utilized for growth

A

Facultative Anaerobe

68
Q

Draw the Food Danger Zone Guidelines

A

Refer to slide 33 lecture 2 BacT

Microbiology (15 decks)

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