Additional

Question 1

Give examples of bacteria with a linear chromosome.

Answer 1

Borrelia burdorferi
Streptomyces griseus
Agrobacterium tumefaciens

Question 2

Give examples if bacteria two circular chromosomes.

Answer 2

Leptospira interrogans

Brucella melitensis

Question 3

What is genetics?

Answer 3

Study of heredity

Question 4

The genetic information in a cell is?

Answer 4

Genome

Question 5

Where can genomes be present?

Answer 5

chromosomes
plasmids
mitochondria

Question 6

What are genes?

Answer 6

Segments of DNA or RNA which code for functional proteins.

Question 7

What is the basic components of DNA?

Answer 7

A chain of nucleotides that contain phosphate, sugar, and nitrogenous base

Question 8

Purines are?

Answer 8

Adenine and Guanine

Question 9

Pyrimidines are?

Answer 9

Cytosine, Uracil, Thymine

Question 10

Adenine hydrogen bonds with__________?

Cytosine hydrogen bonds with _________?

Answer 10

Thymine; Guanine

Question 11

What is the enzyme responsible for DNA replication on the leading strand?

Answer 11

DNA polymerase

Question 12

On the lagging strand of DNA what are the enzymes?

Answer 12

DNA polymerase and DNA ligase

Question 13

What does DNA ligase do?

Answer 13

Joins the Okazaki/discontinuous fragments of the lagging strand.

Question 14

T:F DNA ribosomes contains DNA

Answer 14

False: DNA ribosomes synthesis proteins from RNA.

Question 15

What is genotype?

Answer 15

Genetic make up (entire genes)

Question 16

What is phenotype?

Answer 16

Actual expressed properties (proteins)

Question 17

What are proteins made of?

Answer 17

Amino acids

Question 18

How many proteinogenic amino acids are there?

Answer 18

23

Question 19

What are codons?

Answer 19

Three letter nucleotide base codes in RNA which code for amino acids

Question 20

What are introns?

Answer 20

Non-coding sections of DNA

Question 21

Coding sections of DNA are called?

Answer 21

Exons

Question 22

What is the process called that transcription introns are removed?

Answer 22

Splicing

Question 23

Key enzyme in amplifying RNA

Answer 23

Reverse transcriptase

Question 24

Who first discovered DNA?

Answer 24

Johannes Friedrich Miescher

Question 25

Who used X ray crystallography to identify shape of DNA?

Answer 25

Rosalind Franklin

Question 26

J. D. Watson and F. H. C. Crick did what

Answer 26

Determined the structure of DNA

Question 27

What does PCR stand for?

Answer 27

polymerase chain reaction

Question 28

What is the process of PCR?

Answer 28

Amplify specific DNA fragments from genes

Question 29

What are the components of PCR reaction

Answer 29

Oligonucleotide Primers
Deoxynucleotides - A,T,G,C
Taq Polymerase (A thermostable polymerase)
Target DNA

Question 30

What are the three steps of PCR?

Answer 30

1) Denaturation
2) Annealing
3) Extension

Question 31

How many cycles of PCR are usually ran?

Answer 31

30-40 cycles. Resulting in over 536,870,912 copies

Question 32

Main problem with PCR in practice?

Answer 32

Have to know what you are looking for and have to ask for specific things.

Question 33

What is the best for sequencing viruses?

Answer 33

Reverse Transcriptase PCR. Viruses only have RNA and Reverse Transcriptase PCR only sequences RNA.

Question 34

What dose Reverse Transcriptase do?

Answer 34

Reversely transcribes RNA to DNA

Question 35

Describe Real Time PCR?

Answer 35

It is regular PCR with a TaqMan Probe that is specific to a gene. It is used determine the total amount of that gene sequencing.

Question 36

Recombinant DNA is carried out by?

Answer 36

Taking a piece of Eukaryote DNA and putting it into a cloning or plasmid vector and then coping it.