viral skin conditions

Question 1

what causes chicken pox

Answer 1

varcilla zoster virus (VZV)

Question 2

how does chicken pox present

Answer 2

generalised rash and fever, inflamed skin, itch

macules –> papules –> scabs

Question 3

what are some complications of chickenpox

Answer 3

bacterial infection, pneumonitis, haemorrhage, scarring, encephalitis, infants and elderly, immunocompromised

Question 4

how do you manage chicken pox

Answer 4

supportive management and vaccines

Question 5

what are risks of pregnant women with chicken pox and how do you manage it

Answer 5

higher mortality

give varicella zoster immune globulin and acyclovir in late pregnancy

Question 6

what is shingles

Answer 6

reactivated varcilla zoster virus affecting nerve endings

Question 7

who is likely to get shingles

Answer 7

elderly and immunocompromised

Question 8

how does shingles present

Answer 8

tingling/ pain –> erythema –> vesicles –> crust in a dermatomal distribution

Question 9

what is ramsay hunt syndrome

Answer 9

complication of shingles

Question 10

what are the symptoms of ramsay hunt syndrome

Answer 10

vesicles in ear and throat, facial palsy, deafness/ vertigo

Question 11

how do you manage shingles

Answer 11

acyclovir

Question 12

what causes primary gingivostomatis and how does it present

Answer 12

HSV, pre school children.

ulceration and crust in and around mouth

Question 13

what is a dangerous complication of herpes simplex virus + a key characteristic

Answer 13

eczema herpeticum (punched out legions)

Question 14

what HSV causes oral legions

Answer 14

type 1

Question 15

how do you treat herpes

Answer 15

acyclovir

Question 16

what causes mulloscum contagiosum

Answer 16

pox virus

Question 17

how does mulloscum contagiosum present

Answer 17

fleshy form, pearlescent nodules (look like warts)

Question 18

how can mulloscum contagiosum be transmitted

Answer 18

occasionally sexually

Question 19

how is mulloscum contagiosum managed

Answer 19

self-limiting - liquid nitrogen

Question 20

what causes warts and veruccas

Answer 20

human papilloma virus

Question 21

how do you treat warts

Answer 21

topical salicyclic acid or imiquimod

Question 22

what strain of HPV causes genital warts

Answer 22

6 and 11

Question 23

what strain of HPV causes cervical cancer

Answer 23

16 and 18

Question 24

how is HPV prevented

Answer 24

vaccines

Question 25

what are the symptoms of herpangina

Answer 25

blistering at back of mouth

Question 26

what causes herpangina and hand, foot and mouth disease

Answer 26

enterovirus eg coxsackie and echovirus

Question 27

how do you test for enterovirus

Answer 27

PCR

Question 28

how does hand, foot and mouth disease present

Answer 28

red rash on feet and hands, ulcers at back of mouth. sore throat

Question 29

who likely gets hand, foot and mouth

Answer 29

children --> family outbreaks

Question 30

what causes erythema infectiosum and what is another name for it

Answer 30

parovirus - slap cheek disease

Question 31

what are the symptoms of erythema infectiosum and who usually gets it

Answer 31

red rash on both cheeks (polyarthritis of hands), children

Question 32

what are complications of erythema infectiosum

Answer 32

spontaneous miscarriage, aplastic cries (drop in haemoglobin), chronic anaemia

Question 33

how do you test for erythema infectiosum

Answer 33

antibody testing

Question 34

what causes orf

Answer 34

parapoxvirus from sheep

Question 35

how does orf present

Answer 35

firm, fleshy nodule on farmers hand

Question 36

how is orf diagnosed and treated

Answer 36

clinical diagnosis, self-limiting

Question 37

how does zika virus present

Answer 37

fever, rash, headache, athralgia, myalgia, conjunctivitis

Question 38

how is zika virus spread and how do you diagnose it

Answer 38

mosquito, PCR

Question 39

what are complications of zika

Answer 39

microcephaly (small head) and Guillain barre

Question 40

what other diseases have similar symptoms to zika

Answer 40

dengue and chikungunya