viral skin conditions Flashcards
what causes chicken pox
varcilla zoster virus (VZV)
how does chicken pox present
generalised rash and fever, inflamed skin, itch
macules –> papules –> scabs
what are some complications of chickenpox
bacterial infection, pneumonitis, haemorrhage, scarring, encephalitis, infants and elderly, immunocompromised
how do you manage chicken pox
supportive management and vaccines
what are risks of pregnant women with chicken pox and how do you manage it
higher mortality
give varicella zoster immune globulin and acyclovir in late pregnancy
what is shingles
reactivated varcilla zoster virus affecting nerve endings
who is likely to get shingles
elderly and immunocompromised
how does shingles present
tingling/ pain –> erythema –> vesicles –> crust in a dermatomal distribution
what is ramsay hunt syndrome
complication of shingles
what are the symptoms of ramsay hunt syndrome
vesicles in ear and throat, facial palsy, deafness/ vertigo
how do you manage shingles
acyclovir
what causes primary gingivostomatis and how does it present
HSV, pre school children.
ulceration and crust in and around mouth
what is a dangerous complication of herpes simplex virus + a key characteristic
eczema herpeticum (punched out legions)
what HSV causes oral legions
type 1
how do you treat herpes
acyclovir
what causes mulloscum contagiosum
pox virus
how does mulloscum contagiosum present
fleshy form, pearlescent nodules (look like warts)
how can mulloscum contagiosum be transmitted
occasionally sexually
how is mulloscum contagiosum managed
self-limiting - liquid nitrogen
what causes warts and veruccas
human papilloma virus
how do you treat warts
topical salicyclic acid or imiquimod
what strain of HPV causes genital warts
6 and 11
what strain of HPV causes cervical cancer
16 and 18
how is HPV prevented
vaccines
what are the symptoms of herpangina
blistering at back of mouth
what causes herpangina and hand, foot and mouth disease
enterovirus eg coxsackie and echovirus
how do you test for enterovirus
PCR
how does hand, foot and mouth disease present
red rash on feet and hands, ulcers at back of mouth. sore throat
who likely gets hand, foot and mouth
children –> family outbreaks
what causes erythema infectiosum and what is another name for it
parovirus - slap cheek disease
what are the symptoms of erythema infectiosum and who usually gets it
red rash on both cheeks (polyarthritis of hands), children
what are complications of erythema infectiosum
spontaneous miscarriage, aplastic cries (drop in haemoglobin), chronic anaemia
how do you test for erythema infectiosum
antibody testing
what causes orf
parapoxvirus from sheep
how does orf present
firm, fleshy nodule on farmers hand
how is orf diagnosed and treated
clinical diagnosis, self-limiting
how does zika virus present
fever, rash, headache, athralgia, myalgia, conjunctivitis
how is zika virus spread and how do you diagnose it
mosquito, PCR
what are complications of zika
microcephaly (small head) and Guillain barre
what other diseases have similar symptoms to zika
dengue and chikungunya
