acne and acne rosacea Flashcards
what is the pathophysiology of acne (mild –> severe)
duct occlusion, increased sebum production, bacteral colonisation, duct rupture
what is involved in duct occlusion
dermal swelling and keratin plugging, black and white heads
what is involved in increased sebum
increased androgens at puberty
what is involved in bacterial colonisation
invades hair follicle, anaerobic bacterium acne
what is involved in duct rupture
chronic inflamm of pilosebaceous unit, papules, pustules, cysts and nodiles
what are aggravating factors of acne
stress, sweat, pre-period, FH, greasy skin, aged 12-24
where is the usual distribution of acne
face, chest, upper back
what is seen in non inflammatory comedones (mild)
black/. white heads
what is seen in inflammatory acne (moderate)
pustules, cysts, erythema
what is seen in chronic acne (severe)
scars, texture changes, hypertrophy
what topical treatments can be used for acne
benzoyl peroxide, topical vit A (retinoid), topical AB’s
describe benzoyl peroxide
keratolytic, anti microbial and anti inflamm
describe topical vit A (retinoid)
good for drying and for non inflamm acne
what topical AB’s are used
clinda, tetracyline, erythromycin
what oral antibiotics are used in acne
tetracycline eg doxycycline
what is isotretinoin
16 week course, hospital prescribed only
what are the side effects of isotretinoin
cystic acne, depression, mood swings
what is acne rosacea and who likely has it
recurrent facial flushing, white females 30-40
what is the pathophysiology of acne rosacea
vascular ectasia –> inflamm –> granulomas
what are the symptoms of acne rosacea
pimple like, visible blood vessels (telangiectasia), red skin, NO COMEDONES (white/ black heads)
what conditions are associated with acne rosacea
conjunctivitis and rhinophyma
what can trigger acne rosacea
UV, curry, wine
how do you treat acne rosacea
topical metronidazole, oral AB (tetracycline), (maybe isotretinoin)
