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My2 dermatology > skin physiology > Flashcards

skin physiology Flashcards

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Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

what are the skin layers from superficial to deep

A

epidermis, appendages (nails, hair, glands, mucosae), DEJ, dermis (connective tissue), sub cutis (fat)

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2
Q

where is thick skin found

A

palms and soles

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3
Q

what are blaschko’s lines

A

growth pattern of skin in embryology

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4
Q

when does the epidermis form in embryology

A

16 weeks

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5
Q

what is vit D and thyroxine metabolised by

A

keratinocytes

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6
Q

in thyroid metabolism, what % of T4 is converted to T3 and what is the real names

A

80%. (thyroxine) –> (triiodothyronine)

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7
Q

what receptors in the skin detect temperature

A

thermoreceptors

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8
Q

what sense cells are associated with pressure and vibration,

A

pacinian and meisseners

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9
Q

what are the 6 functions of the skin

A

barrier, metabolism, thermoregulation, immune defence, communication, sensory function

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10
Q

what type of epithelium is the epidermis

A

stratified squamous

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11
Q

what are the 4 cells in the epidermis

A

melanocytes, keratinocytes (95%), langerhans and merkel cells

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12
Q

what are the 4 layers of the epidermis

A

keratin (horny/ stratum), granular, prickle cell, basal

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13
Q

what do keratinocytes differentiate into, what is their main function

A

corneocytes - no nuclei, tight water proof barrier

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14
Q

where do keratinocytes migrate from

A

basement membrane

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15
Q

what do keratinocytes produce

A

keratin

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16
Q

what cells are in the granular layer and what is there a high content of

A

Odland cells, no nuclei, high lipid content

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17
Q

what cells are in the prickle cell layer and what are there lots of

A

Polyhedral, desmosomes and langerhans

18
Q

what cells are in the basal layer, where do they cells proliferate from

A

cuboidal, proliferate from basal layer to keratin layer

19
Q

what epidermal layer is metabolically active

A

basal layer

20
Q

what are melanocytes and where do they migrate from

A

pigment producing dendritic cells, migrate from neural crest

21
Q

how to melanocytes produce pigment

A

convert tyrosine –> melanin pigment

22
Q

what colour are eumelanin and phaemomelanin

A

brown/ black and red/ yellow

23
Q

what is the function of melanin, melanin caps and melanosomes

A

melanin absorbs light, melanin caps protect nucleus, melanosomes (pigment) are transferred to keratinocytes

24
Q

where do langerhan cells come from and where are they found

A

bone marrow, mainly prickle cell layer in epidermis

25
Q

what are langerhan cells and what granule do they have

A

main immunological cells - birbeck granules

26
Q

where are merkel cells, what are they

A

basal level, mechanoreceptors for sense

27
Q

what is the worst type of skin cancer

A

merkel

28
Q

what is the pathophysiology of vitiligo

A

autoimmune loss of melanocytes

29
Q

what is the pathophysiology of albinism

A

genetic partial loss of pigment (melanin)

30
Q

what is the pathophysiology of nelsons disease

A

pit gland produces excess melanin stimulating hormone

31
Q

what are hair follicles

A

specialised keratins and dermal papilla (pigment from melanocytes) next to sebaceous glands

32
Q

what are the phases of hair growth

A

anagen = growing, catagen = involuting, telogen = resting

33
Q

what are nails made of

A

specialised keratins

34
Q

what are the 3 types of skin glands and where are they found

A

sebacous - around hair follicles, apocrine - dermis, eccrine - dermis

35
Q

what is the function of sebaceous glands and what activates them

A

produce sebum (oil) in holocrine secretion to pilary canal and protect from fungus. hormone sensitive

36
Q

what is the function of apocrine glands and what activates them

A

produces oily fluid that smells bad (sweat), androgen dependent

37
Q

what is the function of eccrine glands and what activates them

A

sympathetic cholingeric nerve supply, cools by evaporation and grips hands and feet

38
Q

how permeable is the DEJ

A

semi-permeable

39
Q

what cells are in the dermis

A

fibroblasts, macrophages, mast cells, lymphocytes,

40
Q

what fibres are in the dermis

A

collagen (type 1 and 111), elastin

41
Q

what is unique about the blood supply to the skin

A

blood supply greater than the need for evaporation

42
Q

what role to lymphocytes have in skin immunology

A

immune surveillance

My2 dermatology (20 decks)

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