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My2 dermatology > skin cancer > Flashcards

skin cancer Flashcards

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Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

what is the most aggressive skin cancer

A

melanoma

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2
Q

what is the ABCDE diagnosis of a melanoma

A

Asymmetry, Border, Colour (3+), diameter (o.7mm), Evolution (vertical growth, ulceration)

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3
Q

what mutations can occur in melanoma

A

vemurafenib. CDKN2A (tumour suppresor) CDK4 (permits cell cycle), ras/raf

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4
Q

who gets melanomas

A

more common in women, sunburn as a child with intermittent burning

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5
Q

what is a melanoma in situ called

A

RGP (radial growth phase)

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6
Q

what is a melanoma called that has extended to the dermis and can metastasis

A

VGP (vertical growth phase)

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7
Q

what are the growth phases of melanoma (4)

A

superficial spreading (SSM), mucosal lentiginous (MLM), lentigo malignant melanoma (LLM), nodular

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8
Q

what is a nodular melanoma

A

simple VGP tumour, very aggressive

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9
Q

what is used for prognosis of melanoma

A

breslow depth from granular layer

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10
Q

what is the treatment of melanoma (mild –> severe)

A

primary excision + margins, potential node biopsy, regional lymphadenectomy, chemo

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11
Q

what increases chances of basal cell carcinoma

A

sun expose sites and burning

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12
Q

what are the 3 types of BCC

A

nodular, superficial, infiltrative

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13
Q

describe infiltrative BBC

A

can infiltrate widely (esp morphemic) to brain, poorly defined margins, can travel along nerves

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14
Q

what is the metastatic potential of BCC

A

very low

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15
Q

how does BCC present

A

pearly, looks shiny, telangiectasia, slow growing lump/ non-healing ulcer

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16
Q

how do you treat BCC

A

superficial with cream (fluorouracil or imiquimod), excised elliptically

17
Q

what is mutated in BCC and what drug can be used to counteract it

A

PTCH1 - hedgehog signalling that promotes cell division.

vismodegib blocks it

18
Q

name 3 precursors for SCC

A

bowen’s disease, actinic keratosis, viral precursors

19
Q

describe bowen’s disease

A

SCC in situ, scaly patch/ plaque with an irregular border, usually on leg. no dermal invasion

20
Q

describe AKs

A

common from UV exposure, scaly patch, normally multiple, epidermal dysplasia

21
Q

what viral precursors are there for SCC

A

HPV type 16

22
Q

what increases risk of SCC

A

elderly in UV exposed sites, sun damage and outdoor workers, chronic leg ulcers, burns, lupus vulgaris, genetic syndromes

23
Q

how metastitic is SCC

A

quite, more than BCC, less than melanoma

24
Q

how does SSC present

A

hyperkeratotic lump/ ulcer, grows fast, can bleed, poorly differentiated, red border

25
Q

what nerves can skin cancer affect on the face and how do you assess

A

CNV1-3 (brush cotton wool over sensory areas), CNVII (motor of face)

26
Q

what anaesthesia is used in cancer surgery

A

lidocaine and adrenaline

27
Q

what is lidocaine

A

numbing affect, amide, avoid if liver/ renal/ cardiac failure, avoid in old and young

28
Q

what is adrenaline

A

prolongs anaesthesia and reduces bleeding, avoid in extremities and cardiac disease

29
Q

what are the common types of skin surgery

A

electrosurgery, snip excision, curettage, shave, punch biopsy, elliptical excision

30
Q

describe when electrosurgery is used

A

minor skin legions, causes haemostasis, avoid if pacemaker

31
Q

describe when snip excision is used

A

stuck on nodules on surgery of skin

32
Q

describe when curettage is used

A

minimally invasive, what you use to remove blackheads

33
Q

describe when shave is used

A

small protrusion

34
Q

describe when punch biopsy is used

A

circle removal, harder to heal

35
Q

describe when elliptical excision is used

A

looks like an eye, heals better.

My2 dermatology (20 decks)

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