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respiratory > viral infxns of respiratory tract > Flashcards

viral infxns of respiratory tract Flashcards

1
Q

what is the most common cause of the common cold?

A

rhinovirus

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2
Q

how to tx rhinovirus?

A

NSAIDS and decongestants

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3
Q

what is the second most common cause of the common cold?

A

coronavirus

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4
Q

enveloped, +ssRNA, transmission in large droplets

A

coronavirus

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5
Q

incubation period of influenza?

A

1-4 days

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6
Q

contagious period of influenza?

A

one day prior to sx to 5-7 days post

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7
Q

who should be considered for antiviral when have influenza?

A

those with risk factors

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8
Q

in general, who is in the high risk grp for influenza?

A
  1. children under 2
  2. adults >65
  3. pregnant
  4. diabetics + other medical conditions
  5. ppl under 19 who are receiving long term ASA
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9
Q

what are the types of antivirals that can be prescribed?

A
  1. neuraminidase inhibs

2. adamantanes (amantidine, rimantadine)

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10
Q

what are the neuraminidase inhibs?

A
  1. zanaminvir

2. oseltamivir

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11
Q

zanamivir is given via ______, vs oseltamivir is given _____

A

zanamivir is given via inhalation, vs oseltamivir is given orally

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12
Q

which type of pneumonia has a biphasic pattern?

A

bacterial pneumonia following influenza

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13
Q

which type of pneumonia has progressive worsening?

A

primary influenza pneumonia

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14
Q

in which type of pneumonia will you see abundant PMN cells w/o significant bacterial numbers on sputum gram stain

A

primary influenza pneumonia

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15
Q

which type of pneumonia has an interstitial pattern on CXR?

A

primary influenza pneumonia

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16
Q

which type of influenza vaccine are most patients eligible for?

A

IM inactivated influenza vaccine

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17
Q

what grp is eligible for IM inactivated influenza vaccine?

A

> 6 mon including those with chronic medical condtiions

18
Q

what grp is elegible for itradermal injxn inactivated influenza vaccine?

A

18-64 yo

19
Q

what grp is eligible for live attenuated influenza vaccine?

A

healthy, nonpregnant age 2-49

20
Q

how is live attenuated vaccine given?

A

intranasal

21
Q

who is eligible for recombinant influenza vaccine?

A

18-49

22
Q

which influenza vaccine is produced in cell culture instead of eggs?

A

flucelvax

23
Q

what influenza vaccine can you give to elderly to get a better response?

A

fluzone (high dose)

24
Q

what influenza vaccine is a recombinant HA produced in insect cells?

A

fluBlok

25
Q

if someone has a severe egg allergy, which flu vaccine should you give?

A

FluBlok

26
Q

owl eye appearance on gram stain?

A

CMV

27
Q

CMV is a member of the _______family, is a __DNA virus, replicates in ______, latent period in ______

A

herpesviridae, dsDNA, mucosal epithelium, monocytes

28
Q

CMV infxn causes greatest concern in what patients?

A
  1. transplant recipients
  2. advanced HIV infxn
  3. neonates
29
Q

transplant patients are most likely to have CMV_____ or CMV_____

A

CMV pneumonitis or CMV gastritis

30
Q

advanced HIV patients are most likely to have CMV____

A

CMV retinitis

31
Q

Cytomegalic inclusion disease is associated with?

A

neonates via intrauterine transmission

32
Q

CMV can be transmitted from mom to baby how?

A
  1. intrauterine

2. perinatal - breast milk contains virus

33
Q

routes of transmission for CMV?

A

breast milk, saliva blood (think blood transfusions, solid organ transplants)

34
Q

blood transfusion risk of CMV transmission reduced significantly when?

A

when there is leukocyte reduction

35
Q

spiking fever, pneumonitis, myalgia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia assc’d with?

A

CMV disease in transplant patients

36
Q

what can be used to tx CMV?

A

ganiciclovir or valganciclovir is most effective

37
Q

do infants with disseminated HSV 1 or 2 show sx of vasicular rash?

A

no

38
Q

what can spread to the lungs in as a complication of varicella (chicken pox). Secondary bacterial infections are also seen following varicella.

A

VZV

39
Q

what infections are the cause of infectious mononucleosis, associated with fatigue, sore throat, exudative tonsillitis, swollen lymph nodes.

A

Epstein Barr Virus (EBV)

40
Q

what is the cause of Kaposi’s sarcoma in immunocompromised individuals.

A

HHV8

respiratory (27 decks)

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