viral infxns of respiratory tract Flashcards
what is the most common cause of the common cold?
rhinovirus
how to tx rhinovirus?
NSAIDS and decongestants
what is the second most common cause of the common cold?
coronavirus
enveloped, +ssRNA, transmission in large droplets
coronavirus
incubation period of influenza?
1-4 days
contagious period of influenza?
one day prior to sx to 5-7 days post
who should be considered for antiviral when have influenza?
those with risk factors
in general, who is in the high risk grp for influenza?
- children under 2
- adults >65
- pregnant
- diabetics + other medical conditions
- ppl under 19 who are receiving long term ASA
what are the types of antivirals that can be prescribed?
- neuraminidase inhibs
2. adamantanes (amantidine, rimantadine)
what are the neuraminidase inhibs?
- zanaminvir
2. oseltamivir
zanamivir is given via ______, vs oseltamivir is given _____
zanamivir is given via inhalation, vs oseltamivir is given orally
which type of pneumonia has a biphasic pattern?
bacterial pneumonia following influenza
which type of pneumonia has progressive worsening?
primary influenza pneumonia
in which type of pneumonia will you see abundant PMN cells w/o significant bacterial numbers on sputum gram stain
primary influenza pneumonia
which type of pneumonia has an interstitial pattern on CXR?
primary influenza pneumonia
which type of influenza vaccine are most patients eligible for?
IM inactivated influenza vaccine
what grp is eligible for IM inactivated influenza vaccine?
> 6 mon including those with chronic medical condtiions
what grp is elegible for itradermal injxn inactivated influenza vaccine?
18-64 yo
what grp is eligible for live attenuated influenza vaccine?
healthy, nonpregnant age 2-49
how is live attenuated vaccine given?
intranasal
who is eligible for recombinant influenza vaccine?
18-49
which influenza vaccine is produced in cell culture instead of eggs?
flucelvax
what influenza vaccine can you give to elderly to get a better response?
fluzone (high dose)
what influenza vaccine is a recombinant HA produced in insect cells?
fluBlok
if someone has a severe egg allergy, which flu vaccine should you give?
FluBlok
owl eye appearance on gram stain?
CMV
CMV is a member of the _______family, is a __DNA virus, replicates in ______, latent period in ______
herpesviridae, dsDNA, mucosal epithelium, monocytes
CMV infxn causes greatest concern in what patients?
- transplant recipients
- advanced HIV infxn
- neonates
transplant patients are most likely to have CMV_____ or CMV_____
CMV pneumonitis or CMV gastritis
advanced HIV patients are most likely to have CMV____
CMV retinitis
Cytomegalic inclusion disease is associated with?
neonates via intrauterine transmission
CMV can be transmitted from mom to baby how?
- intrauterine
2. perinatal - breast milk contains virus
routes of transmission for CMV?
breast milk, saliva blood (think blood transfusions, solid organ transplants)
blood transfusion risk of CMV transmission reduced significantly when?
when there is leukocyte reduction
spiking fever, pneumonitis, myalgia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia assc’d with?
CMV disease in transplant patients
what can be used to tx CMV?
ganiciclovir or valganciclovir is most effective
do infants with disseminated HSV 1 or 2 show sx of vasicular rash?
no
what can spread to the lungs in as a complication of varicella (chicken pox). Secondary bacterial infections are also seen following varicella.
VZV
what infections are the cause of infectious mononucleosis, associated with fatigue, sore throat, exudative tonsillitis, swollen lymph nodes.
Epstein Barr Virus (EBV)
what is the cause of Kaposi’s sarcoma in immunocompromised individuals.
HHV8
