viral infxns of respiratory tract

Question 1

what is the most common cause of the common cold?

Answer 1

rhinovirus

Question 2

how to tx rhinovirus?

Answer 2

NSAIDS and decongestants

Question 3

what is the second most common cause of the common cold?

Answer 3

coronavirus

Question 4

enveloped, +ssRNA, transmission in large droplets

Answer 4

coronavirus

Question 5

incubation period of influenza?

Answer 5

1-4 days

Question 6

contagious period of influenza?

Answer 6

one day prior to sx to 5-7 days post

Question 7

who should be considered for antiviral when have influenza?

Answer 7

those with risk factors

Question 8

in general, who is in the high risk grp for influenza?

Answer 8

1. children under 2
2. adults >65
3. pregnant
4. diabetics + other medical conditions
5. ppl under 19 who are receiving long term ASA

Question 9

what are the types of antivirals that can be prescribed?

Answer 9

1. neuraminidase inhibs

2. adamantanes (amantidine, rimantadine)

Question 10

what are the neuraminidase inhibs?

Answer 10

1. zanaminvir

2. oseltamivir

Question 11

zanamivir is given via ______, vs oseltamivir is given _____

Answer 11

zanamivir is given via inhalation, vs oseltamivir is given orally

Question 12

which type of pneumonia has a biphasic pattern?

Answer 12

bacterial pneumonia following influenza

Question 13

which type of pneumonia has progressive worsening?

Answer 13

primary influenza pneumonia

Question 14

in which type of pneumonia will you see abundant PMN cells w/o significant bacterial numbers on sputum gram stain

Answer 14

primary influenza pneumonia

Question 15

which type of pneumonia has an interstitial pattern on CXR?

Answer 15

primary influenza pneumonia

Question 16

which type of influenza vaccine are most patients eligible for?

Answer 16

IM inactivated influenza vaccine

Question 17

what grp is eligible for IM inactivated influenza vaccine?

Answer 17

> 6 mon including those with chronic medical condtiions

Question 18

what grp is elegible for itradermal injxn inactivated influenza vaccine?

Answer 18

18-64 yo

Question 19

what grp is eligible for live attenuated influenza vaccine?

Answer 19

healthy, nonpregnant age 2-49

Question 20

how is live attenuated vaccine given?

Answer 20

intranasal

Question 21

who is eligible for recombinant influenza vaccine?

Answer 21

18-49

Question 22

which influenza vaccine is produced in cell culture instead of eggs?

Answer 22

flucelvax

Question 23

what influenza vaccine can you give to elderly to get a better response?

Answer 23

fluzone (high dose)

Question 24

what influenza vaccine is a recombinant HA produced in insect cells?

Answer 24

fluBlok

Question 25

if someone has a severe egg allergy, which flu vaccine should you give?

Answer 25

FluBlok

Question 26

owl eye appearance on gram stain?

Answer 26

CMV

Question 27

CMV is a member of the _______family, is a __DNA virus, replicates in ______, latent period in ______

Answer 27

herpesviridae, dsDNA, mucosal epithelium, monocytes

Question 28

CMV infxn causes greatest concern in what patients?

Answer 28

1. transplant recipients 2. advanced HIV infxn 3. neonates

Question 29

transplant patients are most likely to have CMV_____ or CMV_____

Answer 29

CMV pneumonitis or CMV gastritis

Question 30

advanced HIV patients are most likely to have CMV____

Answer 30

CMV retinitis

Question 31

Cytomegalic inclusion disease is associated with?

Answer 31

neonates via intrauterine transmission

Question 32

CMV can be transmitted from mom to baby how?

Answer 32

1. intrauterine | 2. perinatal - breast milk contains virus

Question 33

routes of transmission for CMV?

Answer 33

breast milk, saliva blood (think blood transfusions, solid organ transplants)

Question 34

blood transfusion risk of CMV transmission reduced significantly when?

Answer 34

when there is leukocyte reduction

Question 35

spiking fever, pneumonitis, myalgia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia assc'd with?

Answer 35

CMV disease in transplant patients

Question 36

what can be used to tx CMV?

Answer 36

ganiciclovir or valganciclovir is most effective

Question 37

do infants with disseminated HSV 1 or 2 show sx of vasicular rash?

Answer 37

no

Question 38

what can spread to the lungs in as a complication of varicella (chicken pox). Secondary bacterial infections are also seen following varicella.

Answer 38

VZV

Question 39

what infections are the cause of infectious mononucleosis, associated with fatigue, sore throat, exudative tonsillitis, swollen lymph nodes.

Answer 39

Epstein Barr Virus (EBV)

Question 40

what is the cause of Kaposi’s sarcoma in immunocompromised individuals.

Answer 40

HHV8