pulm anatomy

Question 1

where is the apex of the lung located?

Answer 1

2.5 cm (1 inch) above the junction of the medial ⅓ and middle ⅓ of the clavicle

Question 2

what vertebral level is the apex of the lung?

Answer 2

C7

Question 3

what are the 3 vertical lines/axes?

Answer 3

midclavicular, midaxillary, and paravertebral lines

Question 4

which rib is the inferior border of teh lung & visceral pleura?

Answer 4

6,8, 10

Question 5

which rib is the inferior limit of the parietal pleura?

Answer 5

8,10, 12

Question 6

if you wanted to listen to the middle lobe, where to place stethoscope?

Answer 6

4th intercostal space, midclavicular line

Question 7

where should you remove fluid during thoracentesis?

Answer 7

posterior gutter

Question 8

pancoast tumors affect which structures (3)?

Answer 8

1. sympathetics
2. brachial plexus
3. subclavian vessels

Question 9

in the right lung, pulmonary artery lies ____to the airway

Answer 9

anterior

Question 10

in the left lung, pulmonary artery lies ____to the airway

Answer 10

superior

Question 11

what level does trachea bifurcate at?

Answer 11

T4-T5

Question 12

how long is the trachea?

Answer 12

10 cm

Question 13

what are segmental bronchi?

Answer 13

tertiary bronchi (8 to the left, 10 to the right)

Question 14

which type of bronchioles have alveoli associated with them?

Answer 14

respiratory

Question 15

what is the true vocal cord lined by?

Answer 15

stratified squamous epithelium

Question 16

what can happen in reinkes space?

Answer 16

can be a site of fluid accumulation

Question 17

where is reinke’s space?

Answer 17

lamina propia of the vocal folds

Question 18

larger or smaller airways will have more diverse cell types in the epithelium?

Answer 18

larger

Question 19

what happens to goblet cells in smokers?

Answer 19

increase in #goblet cells

Question 20

what type of cells are brush cells?

Answer 20

sensory cells

Question 21

what type of cells in the respiratory epithelium?

Answer 21

ciliated, pseudostratified columnar

Question 22

what are the layers of the trachea (6)?

Answer 22

1. respiratory epithelium
2. basal lamina
3. lamina propria
4. submucosa glands
5. perichondrium
6. hyaline cartilage

Question 23

what are the contents of the intrapulm bronchus?

Answer 23

mucins, lactroferrin, lysozyme, IgA, alpha 1 antitrypsin, other protease inhibs

Question 24

in asthma, mucus _______

Answer 24

increases

Question 25

in asthma, there is ______thickness of basal lamina

Answer 25

increased

Question 26

in asthma, there is _____thickness of lamina propria

Answer 26

increased

Question 27

increased thickness of lamina propria in asthma is due to?

Answer 27

edema + emigration on inflammatory cells

Question 28

in asthma, ______thickness of muscularis

Answer 28

incr

Question 29

in asthma,_______#glands in submucosa

Answer 29

incr

Question 30

what is the reid index used for and what is it?

Answer 30

bronchitis;

reid index = bc/ad

Question 31

normal reid index?

Answer 31

under 0.4

Question 32

reid index indicating chronic bronchitis?

Answer 32

> 0.5

Question 33

75% of lung carcinoma develop from ________order bronchi

Answer 33

first, second, third

Question 34

size of bronchiole

Answer 34

under 1 mm

Question 35

what do bronchioles lack?

Answer 35

cartilage + submucosa

Question 36

large bronchioles will have ______cells

Answer 36

goblet

Question 37

club cells found in _____ and _____ bronchioles

Answer 37

terminal and respiratory

Question 38

type 1 alveolar cells are _____, type 2 alveolar cells are cuboidal

Answer 38

simple squamous

Question 39

what type of pneumocytes are the true defenders of the alveolus & the stem cells?

Answer 39

type 2

Question 40

what type of alveolar cells secrete surfactant??

Answer 40

type 2

Question 41

pancoast tumors found where?

Answer 41

superior pulm sulcus

Question 42

what do club cells secrete?

Answer 42

surfactant-like substance