respiratory phys Flashcards
what is the key factor that controls respiration?
- incr partial pressure of CO2
- reduction in PO2
- reduction in pH
which factor can directly stimulate the peripheral chemoreceptors and the central chemoreceptors?
PCO2
is there cartilage in bronchi or in bronchioles?
bronchi = cartilage bronchioles = no cartilage
what drives resistance to airflow?
smooth muscle in bronchus and bronchiole
common obstructive diseases that increase resistance to air flow (4)
- bronchitis
- asthma
- tumors
- aspiration
what are obstructive conditions in the airway wall?
- asthma
- acute bronchitis
- chronic bronchitis
what are obstructive conditions related to loss of lung parenchyma?
emphysema
what are obstructive conditions in the airway lumen?
- bronchiectasis
- bronchiolitis
- CF
- acute tracheobronchial obstruction
- epiglottis
- croup
what cells produce collagen and elastin?
fibroblasts
collagen and elastin is responsible for what?
distensibility and elastic recoil of lungs
what are the exit points for pleural liquid, proteins, and cells to be removed from pleural space?
stomata
pleural effusion is most commonly seen with?
CHF
restrictive or obstructive? the result of decreased expansion of the lungs due to alterations in lung parenchyma, pleura, chest wall or neuromuscular fxn?
restrictive pulm disorders
when you expand your chest, the pressure incr or decr?
decr
more collagen ____compliance
decr
would pneumonia incr or decr compliance?
decr
compliance is the ________of elasticity
inverse
what is the largest vascular bed?
pulmonary circulation
is pulm circulation or systemic more compliant?
pulm circulation
what part of the pulm circulation creates a physiological shunt?
bronchial circualtion
what is the mechanism for automatic control of pulm blood flow distribution?
hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV)
alveolar hypoxia results in vasodilation or vasoconstriction?
vasoconstriction
what is the optimal V/Q ratio?
0.8
which type of volume cannot be measured by spirometry?
residual volume
FEV1/FVC under 0.7?
obstructive lung disease
FEV1/FVC >0.8
restrictive lung disease
if you have a lot of collagen in lung interstitium (more than elastin)?
lung will collapse a lot easier than distend
if lose elastin in lung interstitium?
loss of elastic recoil
is CO2 or O2 more soluble?
CO2
CHF rsults in ____pulmonary venous hydrostatic pressure from the ____side
incr, visceral
in pleural effusion, there is _____microvascular oncotic pressure
decr
the extent to which the lungs will expand for each unit incr in transpulmonary pressure
lung compliance
more collagen - compliance goes up or down?
compliance goes down
does pneumonia incr or decr compliance?
decr compliance (limit ability of lung to expand)
