fetal pulm physio

Question 1

alveoli formation begins when?

Answer 1

28 weeks

Question 2

when do most alveoli form?

Answer 2

majority after birth

Question 3

at the end of the embryonic phase (8 weeks) what has developed?

Answer 3

1. 1st segments appear in 5 lobes of the lungs

2. pulmonary vessels have formed themselves

Question 4

when are the first breathing movements?

Answer 4

at end of embryonic period

Question 5

how breathing movements are paradoxical @ 8 weeks: when diaphragm _______, thorax moves _____

Answer 5

when diaphragm contracts, diaphragm moves inward

Question 6

when does the embyronic period occur?

Answer 6

0-8 weeks

Question 7

when does the pseudoglandular phase occur?

Answer 7

8-17 weeks

Question 8

when can the type 2 pneumocytes be discerned as cubic epithelium?

Answer 8

at end of 17 weeks

Question 9

type 1 or 2 pneumocytes develop 1st?

Answer 9

type 2

Question 10

when does the canalicular phase occur?

Answer 10

16-26 weeks

Question 11

when do type 1 pneumocytes develop out of type 2 pneumocytes?

Answer 11

canalicular phase

Question 12

when does the production of amniotic fluid begin?

Answer 12

pseudoglandular phase

Question 13

at the end of the canalicular phase, amniotic fluid is produced mostly by?

Answer 13

lung epithelium

Question 14

when does the saccular phase occur?

Answer 14

24-38 weeks

Question 15

during what phase do whole clusters of sacs form on the terminal bronchioli?

Answer 15

saccular phase

Question 16

what marks the onset of functional maturation of the lung in alveolar type 2 cells?

Answer 16

lamellar bodies

Question 17

what ratio in amniotic fluid is a measure of fetal lung maturity?

Answer 17

lecithin/sphingomyelin ratio

Question 18

as weeks gestation incr, sphingomyelin ________, lecithin _______

Answer 18

sphingomyelin decreases, lecithin increases

Question 19

which surfactant specific proteins are specific for immune defense functions

Answer 19

SP-A, SP-D

Question 20

which surfactant specific proteins are critical for surface activity

Answer 20

SP-B, SP-C

Question 21

what can you give if lecithin/sphingomyelin ratio is low

Answer 21

give glucocorticoids

Question 22

what is an inhibitor of surfactant synthesis?

Answer 22

maternal diabetes

Question 23

when is the alveolar phase?

Answer 23

36 weeks- 2 weeks post partum

Question 24

when alveoli mature, they get ______ CT septa and _______alveolar epithelium

Answer 24

thinner CT septa and flatter alveolar epi

Question 25

first breath expiration is active or inactive?

Answer 25

active

Question 26

what does the first breath of life establish?

Answer 26

functional residual capacity

Question 27

what activates the transepithelial Na transport?

Answer 27

perinatal epinephrine surge

Question 28

neonates have ______nasal resistance, _______airway resistance

Answer 28

lower nasal resistance, higher airway resistance

Question 29

neonates have a ______efficiency breathing apparatus

Answer 29

low

Question 30

right after birth, there is a _____in pulm arteries & alveoli ratio, which ______vascualr resistance

Answer 30

decrease, decreases

Question 31

what is important to change breathing pattern from episodic to continuous

Answer 31

arousal