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respiratory > lung pathology > Flashcards

lung pathology Flashcards

1
Q

incomplete expansion of lungs (neonatal) or collapse of previously inflated lung substance

A

atelectasis

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2
Q

is atelectasis reversible

A

yes

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3
Q

name that atelectasis: follows complete airway obstruction; excessive secretions; mediastinal shift toward atelectatic lung

A

resorption

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4
Q

name that atelectasis: excessive air, fluid, blood, or tumor in pleural space; mediastinum shifts away from affected lung

A

compression

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5
Q

name that atelectasis: loss of surfactant, RDS, postsurgical

A

patchy

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6
Q

name that atelectasis: fibrosis around lung

A

contraction

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7
Q

which type of pulm edema is most common due to incr hydrostatic pressure?

A

hemodynamic PE

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8
Q

which type of pulm edema is due to injury of capillaries of alveolar septa?

A

microvascular injury

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9
Q

what is COPD clinically defined as?

A

emphysema + chronic bronchitis

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10
Q

small airway obstruction?

A

empysema

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11
Q

large airway obstruction?

A

chronic bronchitis

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12
Q

reversible obstrution

A

asthma

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13
Q

tobacco smoke is associated with which airway obstrcution diseases?

A

emphysema, chronic bronchitis, bronchiolitis

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14
Q

which disease: Sx not apparent until 1/3 of pulmonary parenchyma incapacitated

A

emphysema

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15
Q

irreversible enlargement of airspaces distal to terminal bronchiole, accompanied by destruction of airway walls but without obvious fibrosis*

A

emphysema

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16
Q

what is the most popular theory of alveolar wall destruction?

A

protease-antiprotease mechanism aided by oxidant-anti-oxidant imbalance

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17
Q

which typ of emphysema are the respiratory bronchioles most affected?

A

centriacinar emphysema

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18
Q

panacinar emphysema is most common in _____portions of lung?

A

basilar

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19
Q

which emphysema is associated w/ spontaneous pneumothorax?

A

distal acinar (paraseptal) emphysema

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20
Q

which type of emphysema is assc’d with scarring?

A

irregular emphysema (airspace enlargement with fibrosis)

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21
Q

what type of emphysema can give rise to pneumothorax?

A

bullous emphysema

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22
Q

pursed lip breathing, severe emphysema, overventilate, but well oxygenated

A

pink puffers

23
Q

chronic bronchitis, hypercapnia, purulent sputum, severe hypoxemia

A

blue bloaters

24
Q

chronic inflammation of the airways

A

chronic bronchitis

25
Q

the elastic recoil is low in _____, but normal in _____

A

the elastic recoil is low in emphysema, but normal in bronchitis

26
Q

which small airway disease has increased prominence of smooth muscle?

A

chronic bronchiolitis

27
Q

in tenacious mucus plugs of asthma, whorls of shed epithelium

A

Curschmann spirals

28
Q

in tenacious mucus plugs of asthma, crystalloids made of eosinophilic proteins

A

Charcot-Leyden crystals

29
Q

caused by destruction of muscle & elastic supporting tissue, resulting from or assoc. with chronic necrotizing infections.

A

bronchiectasis

30
Q

is bronchiectasis reversible?

A

NO, irreverisble permanent damage

31
Q

what conditions lead to bronchietasis?

A

CF, immunodeficiency, immotile cilia syndrome, kartagener syndrome

32
Q

structural defect in cilia–>decr motility; loss of radial spokes

A

kartagener syndrome

33
Q

what is the end stage result of lung disease?

A

honeycomb lung

34
Q

Abrupt onset of significant hypoxemia & pulmonary infiltrates in absence of cardiac failure; spectrum

A

acute lung injury - ALI (AKA non-cardiogenic pulmonar edema)

35
Q

severe acute lung injury with greater hypoxemia

A

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)

36
Q

what type of histology seen in ALI and ARDS

A

Diffuse Alveolar Damage (DAD)

37
Q

most common direct injuries that cause ALI

A

infectious agents (pneumonia); aspiration

38
Q

most common indirect injuries that cause ALI

A

shock, sepsis

39
Q

alveolar hyaline membranes assc’d with?

A

ARDS

40
Q

accumulation of inflammatory & immune effector cells within alveolar walls & spaces

A

alveolitis

41
Q

what is the hallmark of UIP?

A

patchy interstitial fibrosis, varying in intensity & age.

42
Q

what is temporal heterogeneity?

A

early & late lesions at same time in idiopathic pulm fibrosis

43
Q

exuberant fibroblastic proliferation found in early idiopathic pulm fibrosis

A

fibroblastic foci

44
Q

how is the tx of UIP (or IPF) different that other pneumonitis?

A

it can only be resolved with a transplant (not responsive to steroids)

45
Q

what is the most dangerous size of a particle that an be inhaled?

A

1-5 um

46
Q

what is the key factor of inhaled dusts?

A

ability to stimulate fibrosis

47
Q

coexistence of rheumatoid arthritis with a pneumoconiosis, → development of distinctive nodular pulmonary lesions

A

caplan syndrome

48
Q

what is the most prevalent chronic occupational disease in the world?

A

silicosis

49
Q

which pneumoconioses incr susceptibility to TB?

A

silicosis

50
Q

serpentines & amphiboles

A

asbestos

51
Q

are serpentines or amphiboles more pathogenic?

A

amphiboles

52
Q

pulmonary parenchymal interstitial fibrosis resulting from inhalation of asbestos fibers

A

asbestosis

53
Q

do serpentines or amphiboles relate to mesothelioma?

A

amphiboles

54
Q

what is an asbestos body?

A

when fibers are coated by hemosiderin & glycoproteins to form dumbbell-shaped

respiratory (27 decks)

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