lung pathology

Question 1

incomplete expansion of lungs (neonatal) or collapse of previously inflated lung substance

Answer 1

atelectasis

Question 2

is atelectasis reversible

Answer 2

yes

Question 3

name that atelectasis: follows complete airway obstruction; excessive secretions; mediastinal shift toward atelectatic lung

Answer 3

resorption

Question 4

name that atelectasis: excessive air, fluid, blood, or tumor in pleural space; mediastinum shifts away from affected lung

Answer 4

compression

Question 5

name that atelectasis: loss of surfactant, RDS, postsurgical

Answer 5

patchy

Question 6

name that atelectasis: fibrosis around lung

Answer 6

contraction

Question 7

which type of pulm edema is most common due to incr hydrostatic pressure?

Answer 7

hemodynamic PE

Question 8

which type of pulm edema is due to injury of capillaries of alveolar septa?

Answer 8

microvascular injury

Question 9

what is COPD clinically defined as?

Answer 9

emphysema + chronic bronchitis

Question 10

small airway obstruction?

Answer 10

empysema

Question 11

large airway obstruction?

Answer 11

chronic bronchitis

Question 12

reversible obstrution

Answer 12

asthma

Question 13

tobacco smoke is associated with which airway obstrcution diseases?

Answer 13

emphysema, chronic bronchitis, bronchiolitis

Question 14

which disease: Sx not apparent until 1/3 of pulmonary parenchyma incapacitated

Answer 14

emphysema

Question 15

irreversible enlargement of airspaces distal to terminal bronchiole, accompanied by destruction of airway walls but without obvious fibrosis*

Answer 15

emphysema

Question 16

what is the most popular theory of alveolar wall destruction?

Answer 16

protease-antiprotease mechanism aided by oxidant-anti-oxidant imbalance

Question 17

which typ of emphysema are the respiratory bronchioles most affected?

Answer 17

centriacinar emphysema

Question 18

panacinar emphysema is most common in _____portions of lung?

Answer 18

basilar

Question 19

which emphysema is associated w/ spontaneous pneumothorax?

Answer 19

distal acinar (paraseptal) emphysema

Question 20

which type of emphysema is assc’d with scarring?

Answer 20

irregular emphysema (airspace enlargement with fibrosis)

Question 21

what type of emphysema can give rise to pneumothorax?

Answer 21

bullous emphysema

Question 22

pursed lip breathing, severe emphysema, overventilate, but well oxygenated

Answer 22

pink puffers

Question 23

chronic bronchitis, hypercapnia, purulent sputum, severe hypoxemia

Answer 23

blue bloaters

Question 24

chronic inflammation of the airways

Answer 24

chronic bronchitis

Question 25

the elastic recoil is low in _____, but normal in _____

Answer 25

the elastic recoil is low in emphysema, but normal in bronchitis

Question 26

which small airway disease has increased prominence of smooth muscle?

Answer 26

chronic bronchiolitis

Question 27

in tenacious mucus plugs of asthma, whorls of shed epithelium

Answer 27

Curschmann spirals

Question 28

in tenacious mucus plugs of asthma, crystalloids made of eosinophilic proteins

Answer 28

Charcot-Leyden crystals

Question 29

caused by destruction of muscle & elastic supporting tissue, resulting from or assoc. with chronic necrotizing infections.

Answer 29

bronchiectasis

Question 30

is bronchiectasis reversible?

Answer 30

NO, irreverisble permanent damage

Question 31

what conditions lead to bronchietasis?

Answer 31

CF, immunodeficiency, immotile cilia syndrome, kartagener syndrome

Question 32

structural defect in cilia-->decr motility; loss of radial spokes

Answer 32

kartagener syndrome

Question 33

what is the end stage result of lung disease?

Answer 33

honeycomb lung

Question 34

Abrupt onset of significant hypoxemia & pulmonary infiltrates in absence of cardiac failure; spectrum

Answer 34

acute lung injury - ALI (AKA non-cardiogenic pulmonar edema)

Question 35

severe acute lung injury with greater hypoxemia

Answer 35

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)

Question 36

what type of histology seen in ALI and ARDS

Answer 36

Diffuse Alveolar Damage (DAD)

Question 37

most common direct injuries that cause ALI

Answer 37

infectious agents (pneumonia); aspiration

Question 38

most common indirect injuries that cause ALI

Answer 38

shock, sepsis

Question 39

alveolar hyaline membranes assc'd with?

Answer 39

ARDS

Question 40

accumulation of inflammatory & immune effector cells within alveolar walls & spaces

Answer 40

alveolitis

Question 41

what is the hallmark of UIP?

Answer 41

patchy interstitial fibrosis, varying in intensity & age.

Question 42

what is temporal heterogeneity?

Answer 42

early & late lesions at same time in idiopathic pulm fibrosis

Question 43

exuberant fibroblastic proliferation found in early idiopathic pulm fibrosis

Answer 43

fibroblastic foci

Question 44

how is the tx of UIP (or IPF) different that other pneumonitis?

Answer 44

it can only be resolved with a transplant (not responsive to steroids)

Question 45

what is the most dangerous size of a particle that an be inhaled?

Answer 45

1-5 um

Question 46

what is the key factor of inhaled dusts?

Answer 46

ability to stimulate fibrosis

Question 47

coexistence of rheumatoid arthritis with a pneumoconiosis, → development of distinctive nodular pulmonary lesions

Answer 47

caplan syndrome

Question 48

what is the most prevalent chronic occupational disease in the world?

Answer 48

silicosis

Question 49

which pneumoconioses incr susceptibility to TB?

Answer 49

silicosis

Question 50

serpentines & amphiboles

Answer 50

asbestos

Question 51

are serpentines or amphiboles more pathogenic?

Answer 51

amphiboles

Question 52

pulmonary parenchymal interstitial fibrosis resulting from inhalation of asbestos fibers

Answer 52

asbestosis

Question 53

do serpentines or amphiboles relate to mesothelioma?

Answer 53

amphiboles

Question 54

what is an asbestos body?

Answer 54

when fibers are coated by hemosiderin & glycoproteins to form dumbbell-shaped