Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

nutrition and digestion > viral hepatitis part 1 W5 > Flashcards

viral hepatitis part 1 W5 Flashcards

1
Q

viral hepatitis types?

A

Hepatitis A/B/C/D/E
Hepatitis non-A/E

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what do viruses need to replicate

A

require host cells and its cellular biochemical machinery to replicate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what do viruses consist of

A

DNA/RNA enclosed in a protein coat (nucleocapsid) and sometimes a host cell derived envelope

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

how do viruses attach to host cells

A

viruses attach to host cell using receptor-binding proteins targeting host cell surface molecules that also serve as virus-specific receptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

clinical symptoms of hepatitis?

A

jaundice
dark urine
clay-coloured stool
nausea and vomiting
loss of appetite
fever
abdominal pain
weakness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

biochemical blood tests for hepatitis?

A

liver enzymes (ALT, AST, ALP, GGT)
other liver proteins (albumin, prothrombin)
bilirubin (indirect, direct)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

serological and molecular tests for viral hepatitis?

A

enzymes immunosorbent assays (EIA)
molecular assays

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

serological and molecular tests for viral hepatitis - enzyme immunosorbent assays?

A

viral antigen
anti-viral antibody

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

serological and molecular tests for viral hepatitis - molecular assays?

A

PCR (viral load)
sequencing (genotype, antiviral resistance)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

transmission of hepatitis?

A

B/C/D - transmitted parentally
A/E - transmitted faecal-orally

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

parenteral transmission meaning?

A

transmitted outside of GI tract (eg sexual contact and blood)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

acute/chronic hepatitis types?

A

B/C/D - chronic
A/C/E - acute

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

who can hep D infect

A

only those who are already hep B positive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

which types of hepatitis are more stable and why

A

types transmitted faecal-orally, as must survive for a longer time outside the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

hepatitis A - family?

A

picornavirus (same as viruses causing meningitis, encephalitis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

hepatitis A - incubation time?

A

10-50 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

who does hepatitis A mainly affect?

A

children and young adults

18
Q

hepatitis A - seasonality?

A

no seasonality

19
Q

hepatitis A - onset, resolution, fatality?

A

onset = abrupt with pyrexia
resolves spontaneously followed by life long immunity
fatality rate <0.5%

20
Q

hepatitis A - treatment?

A

supportive

21
Q

hepatitis A - test results

A

dramatic increase in liver enzymes

22
Q

hepatitis A - vaccine?

A

inactivated virus vaccine and immunoglobulin available

23
Q

HAV transmission?

A

transmitted via stool, contaminates water, infecting eg shellfish and vegetables

24
Q

HAV diagnosis?

A

diagnosed with antibodies in blood
IgM and IgG antibodies

25
Q

HAV outcome - children?

A

subclinical infection: 80-90%
icteric disease (jaundice): 5-20%
complete recovery: >98%
no chronic disease
fatality rate: 0.1%

26
Q

HAV outcome - adults?

A

subclinical infection: 10-25%
icteric disease: 75-90%
complete recovery: >98%
no chronic disease
fatality rate: 0.3-2.1%

27
Q

HBV - family and structure?

A

enveloped partially dsDNA hepadnavirus

28
Q

HBV incubation time?

A

40-180 days

29
Q

HBV mainly affects?

A

babies, young adults

30
Q

HBV seasonality?

A

no seasonality

31
Q

HBV onset?

A

insidious, sometimes apyrexia

32
Q

HBV outcome

A

remains in hepatocytes for life, may re-activate under immunosuppression
chronic infection develops in 5-10% of adults, associated with hepatocellular cancer

33
Q

HBV fatality rate?

A

up to 2% in icteric cases

34
Q

HBV vaccine?

A

recombinant HBV surface antigen vaccine and immunoglobulin avaliable

35
Q

HBV treatment?

A

interferon alpha or antivirals

36
Q

HBV transmission?

A

parenteral, vertical, sexual

37
Q

hepatitis B antigens?

A

surface antigen (envelope - active infection)
core antigen (nucleocapsid) - antibodies indicate recent infection)
E antigen (nucleocapsid) - active infection

38
Q

HBV prevalence in europe/north america/australia?

A

HBsAg 0.2-0.5%
Anti-HBs 4-6%
neonatal infection rare
childhood infection rate

39
Q

HBV prevalence in eastern europe, Mediterranean, former USSR, central and south america, south-west asia?

A

HBsAg 2-7%
Anti-HBs 20-55%
neonatal infection frequent
childhood infection frequent

40
Q

HBV prevalence in south-east asia, parts of china, sub-saharan africa?

A

HBsAg 8-20%
anti-HBs 70-95%
neonatal infection very frequent
childhood infection very frequent

41
Q

HBV infection outcomes in different age groups?

A

newborns have severe infections and high chances of chronic infections compared to older children and adults

nutrition and digestion (49 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions