diabetes mellitus - clinical features 1 W6 Flashcards
type 2 diabetes risk factors?
genetic (ethnicity)
increasing age
central obesity
low birth weight
genetic component of type 2 diabetes?
many gene variants associated with type 2 diabetes. relate to beta cell function/mass (pancreas less able to deal with demand from obesity).
40% of overall type 2 diabetes risk determined by genetics
ethnic groups associated with higher susceptibility of type 2 diabetes?
Polynesia, South Asia, Arabic countries
why is type 2 diabetes more common with increasing age?
beta cell function reduces with age
obesity increases with age
when do more overweight people get type 2 diabetes?
younger age
development of type 2 diabetes?
normal glucose tolerance
-> impaired glucose metabolism
->pre-diabetes
->type 2 diabetes
classical presentation of type 2 diabetes?
asymptomatic (found on routine screening)
thirst, polyuria
malaise, chronic fatigue
infections eg thrush, boils (hyperglycaemic tissues encourage germ growth)
blurred vision (glycosylation of lens in eye)
complication as presenting problem (eg retinopathy, neuropathy
metabolic syndrome features
central obesity
high blood pressure
high triglycerides
low HDL-cholesterol
insulin resistance
why are type 2 diabetics more susceptible to CVD?
type 2 diabetes is strongly associated with metabolic syndrome (risk factors for CVD)
target organ damage in diabetes - when microvasculature is affected?
diabetic retinopathy
diabetic kidney disease
peripheral neuropathy
other medical disorders associated with type 2 diabetes?
obstructive sleep apnoea
polycystic ovarian disease
hypogonadotropic hypogonadism in men
non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
