carbohydrate metabolism 3 WF Flashcards
glycolytic pathway?
glucose-6-P -> fructose-6-P -> fructose-1,6-bisP -> (dihydroxy-acetone-P) -> glyceraldehyde-3-P -> oxidised to produce 2ATP and reduces NAD+ to NADH. produces pyruvate.
glycogen -> pyruvate ATP consumption/production?
consumes 1ATP
produces 4ATP
net balance is 3ATP per glucose
glucose -> pyruvate ATP consumption/production?
consumes 2ATP
produces 4ATP
net balance is 2ATP per glucose
how is pyruvate reduced to lactate
with reoxidation of reduced NADH to NAD+
only source of ATP in red blood cells?
anaerobic respiration
name for reverse of glycolytic pathway?
gluconeogenesis
where does gluconeogenesis occur
liver and kidney
precursors of glucose
lactate (from anaerobic metabolism)
glycerol
glucogenic amino acids (protein degradation)
can Acetyl-CoA be converted to glucose?
NO!
pentose phosphate pathway occurs in which tissues?
liver, adipose tissue, mamillary gland
pentose-phosphate pathway oxidation reactions - products and stuff
G-6-P -> ribulose-5-phosphate
with product of CO2 and 2 molecules of NADPH
products of ribulose-5-phosphate and their functions?
ribose 5-P used for DNA/RNA synthesis
xylulose 5-P
anti-oxidant function of glutathione?
oxygen can react with peptides (especially in RBCs) to produce peroxides (bad)
glutathione reduces peroxides and the glutathione is oxidised to a disulphide which is reduced back to glutathione by reduced NADP
most common genetic disorder in humans? features?
G6PDH deficiency
low activity, red blood cells undergo haemolysis. can be exacerbated by drugs.
metabolism of fructose?
fructose comes from metabolism of sucrose.
phosphorylated by fructokinase
