intro to upper GI tract W4

Question 1

GI tract walls layers?

Answer 1

mucosa
submucosa
muscularis
serosa

Question 2

mucosa features?

Answer 2

lining of GI tract containing 3 layers including a thin layer of muscle

Question 3

submucosa features?

Answer 3

connective tissue where blood vessels and nerves lie

Question 4

musuclaris features

Answer 4

layers of smooth muscle and enteric nervous system

Question 5

serosa features

Answer 5

part of visceral layer of peritoneum

Question 6

typical length of the oesophagus?

Answer 6

25cm

Question 7

3 sections of the oesophagus?

Answer 7

cervical
thoracic
abdominal

Question 8

what is the oesophagus lined with and why

Answer 8

stratified squamous epithelium
thick and robust, food items wont tear it.
last 1cm is columnar epithelium (pinker than squamous)

Question 9

types of cancer in the oesophagus arising from the epithelium?

Answer 9

squamous carcinoma - from squamous epithelium

adenocarcinoma - from columnar epithelium

Question 10

types of muscle control in the oesophagus?

Answer 10

upper 3rd = voluntary (striated)
lower 3rd = involuntary (smooth)
middle = mixed

Question 11

sphincters of the oesophagus?

Answer 11

upper oesophageal sphincter
lower oesophageal sphincter

Question 12

features of upper oesophageal sphincter?

Answer 12

muscular
primary cricopharyngeus
stops air getting into gut

Question 13

features of lower oesophageal sphincter?

Answer 13

comprises a thickened muscular layer in the lower oesophagus and cardia of the stomach (intrinsic) and the diaphragm (extrinsic)

prevents acid/food reflux

Question 14

types of hiatus hernia

Answer 14

sliding - stomach slips into thoracic cavity (no abdominal oesophagus)

paraesophageal - stomach slips through diaphragm parallel to oesophagus (rarer)

Question 15

main symptom of hiatus hernia?

Answer 15

acid/food reflux

Question 16

4 sections of the stomach?

Answer 16

cardia
fundus
body
antrum

Question 17

name for sphincter from stomach to duodenum

Answer 17

pylorus (pyloric sphincter)

Question 18

what is the mucosa in the stomach folded into? what is found between these?

Answer 18

rugae (folds)
gastric pits found between these.

Question 19

features of stomach muscles?

Answer 19

lie in oblique layers - strong and effective

Question 20

features of the gastric mucosa?

Answer 20

glands
chief cells
parietal cells
endocrine cells

Question 21

gastric mucosa - glands function?

Answer 21

secrete mucous which protects the mucosa from the acid environment from the stomach

Question 22

gastric mucosa - chief cells function?

Answer 22

secrete enzymes of gastric juice (pepsin)

Question 23

gastric mucosa - parietal cells function?

Answer 23

secrete hydrochloric acid and intrinsic factor (imp for b12 absorption)

Question 24

gastric mucosa - endocrine cells function?

Answer 24

secrete ghrelin (hormone which promotes appetite) and gastrin (digestive hormone)