nutrition and obesity W7

Question 1

consequence of obesity?

Answer 1

high blood pressure
dyslipidaemia
type 2 diabetes
cardiovascular disease
gallbladder disease
osteoarthritis
sleep apnoea
cancers
mobility issues
mental health and low mood

Question 2

causes of obesity?

Answer 2

unsuitable environments
genetics
family history
medical reasons
medications
increasing level of inactivity
increasing intakes of energy dense foods

Question 3

where to take waist circumference?

Answer 3

midpoint between lowest rib and hip (normally around umbilicus)

Question 4

patient groups at risk of misclassification in terms of BMI?

Answer 4

obese subjects
Asian individuals
athletes
pregnancy
women
ages <65 yrs

Question 5

food related causes of obesity?

Answer 5

calories
where calories come from
processed foods
plate clearing tendency
alcohol and gender differences
portion distortion
mindless eating/larger plates
eating out
takeaways
emotional eating

Question 6

effect of regular eating?

Answer 6

breakfast - addition of protein-rich ingredients impacts on appetite control
reduction in volume of subsequent meals
effect - initial and sustained reductions in post-prandial ghrelin and increases in PYY concentrations (hormone which reduces appetite)

Question 7

perfect diet?

Answer 7

emphasise fruits, vegetables, whole grains and fat-free or low-fat milk and milk products
include lean meats, poultry, fish, beans, eggs, nuts, seeds
minimise saturated fats, trans fats, cholesterol, sodium, added sugar
derive less than 10 percent of calories per day from added sugars
derive less than 10 percent of calories per day from saturated fats
stay within daily calorie needs

Question 8

surgical procedures for weight loss?

Answer 8

lap band (LAGB)
gastric bypass (VGB) - main one
sleeve gastrectomy (VSG) - main one
gastric balloon (BiB)
endo-barrier gastrointestinal liner (EBGL)