Viral exanthema Flashcards
what is an exanthem?
eruptive widespread rash
how many viral exanthemas are there?
6
name the viral exanthema
measles scarlet fever rubella parvovirus B19 dukes disease and roseola infantum
How is measles transmitted?
respiratory droplets
measles - pathognomonic sign
koplik spots
koplik spots
greyish white spots on buccal mucosa 2 days after fever
measles rash
starts on face, behind ears 3-5 days after fever
spread to rest of body
erythematous, macular rash with flat lesions
measles symptoms
fever, coryzal symptoms and conjunctivitis
measles treatment
self-limiting 7-10 days
children isolated - notifiable disease (public health)
What % of those with measles develop a complication?
30
measles complication
pneumonia diarrhoea dehydration encephalitis/meningitis hearing or vision loss death
scarlet fever association
group A strep - tonsillitis
scarlet fever caused by..
exotoxin produced by strep pyogenes - group A strep
signs of scarlet fever - rash
red-pink blotchy, macular rash with sandpaper skin
starts on trunk and spreads outwards
red, flushed cheeks
other features of scarlet fever
fever, lethargy, sore throat
strawberry tongue
cervical lymphadenopathy
treating scarlet fever
phenoxymethylpenicillin 10days
notifiable disease
2 conditions associated with group A strep infection
post strep glomerulonephritis
acute rheumatic fever
rubella
resp droplets, 2 weeks after exposure
erythematous macular rash
mild fever, joint pain, LN
rubella complications
thrombocytopenia and encephalitis
rubella - pregnancy
congenital rubella syndrome
deafness, blindness and CHD
Other names for Parvovirus B19
slapped check
erythema infectiosum
parvovirus B19 complications
aplastic anaemia
parvovirus B19 at risk groups
pregnant women, immunocompromised
sickle cell, thalassaemia, hereditary spherocytosis and haemolytic anaemia
parvovirus B19 high risk group what to check
FBC
reticulocyte count
roseola infantum main complication
febrile convulsions
