Hypertension

Question 1

number for diagnosing hypertension

Answer 1

above 140/90 in clinic or 135/85 with ABPM

Question 2

% hypertension which is primary

Answer 2

95

Question 3

2nd causes of hypertension

Answer 3

renal disease - renal artery stenosis
obesity
pregnancy
endocrine eg conns

Question 4

complications

Answer 4

IHD
cerebrovascular accident
retinopathy, nephropathy
heart failure

Question 5

stage 1,2,3 hypertension

Answer 5

1. > 140/90
2. > 160/100
3. > 180/120

Question 6

investigations for end organ damage

Answer 6

urine albumin creatinine ratio - proteinuria and dipstick for haematuria
bloods - HbA1c, renal function and lipids
fundus examination
ECG

Question 7

medications

Answer 7

ACEI - 1.25mg-10mg
beta blocker 5-20mg
CCB 5-10mg
TZD - indapamide 2.5mg
ARB - candesartan 8-32mg

Question 8

management protocol

Answer 8

<55yrs and non black - ACEI
over 55 or black - CCB
Then: A+C or A+D

Question 9

spironolactone

Answer 9

potassium sparing diuretic blocks aldosterone - sodium excretion
can cause hyperkalaemia

Question 10

treatment targets over 80yrs and under 80yrs

Answer 10

under 80 = <140/<90

over 80 = <150/<90