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History gcse > vietnam > Flashcards

vietnam Flashcards

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1
Q

background to the vietnam split

A

post and pre ww2 france ran vietnam, in the 50s the vietnamise people backed group viet minh began to fight the french rule over them
- the usa backed the french as pro imperalists and anti communism as part of containment

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2
Q

the geneva agreement

A
  • 1954
  • sealed the defeat and removal of france from vietnam
  • vietnam split at the 17th parralel into viet minh north and anti communism dictated south
  • agreed in 1956 that there would be elections to see if vietnam should rejoin
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3
Q

the usas fears over the newly split viet

A
  • north viet declared itself a socialist group who tried to stay neutral but quickly allied with communist china
  • the usa had backed the anti com dictator Ngo dinh diem but he was resistent to the geneva agreed 56 elections, making him very unpopular with the souths people
  • the usa worried if ho chi minhs communist alligned north took over viet their ‘domino effect’ theory would take place and all of south asia would fall
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4
Q

north viet leader

A

ho chi minh

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5
Q

south viet leader

A

Ngo Dinh Dien

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6
Q

Ngo Dinh Diems main ideas

A
  • beleived in a ‘one man democracy’ which is a facade and a clear oxymoron
  • won an election where he recieved more votes than people in vietnam, fraudulent
  • very wealthy anti communist- unpopular with the poor
  • strong catholic who discriminated against buddhists in a majority buddhist country
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7
Q

main viet cong traits

A
  • anti imperialist, foreign powers intervening
  • less ownership of land by rich men so very popular with all of the normal people and the poor
  • aided by no chi min and the socialist north
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8
Q

reasons for viet cong popularity

A
  • Ngo diem dinh was very unpopular for his ideals and so people sought for the opposition
  • their ideas of more land and ownership for poor was v popular with the masses
  • Ngo dieh diem had created strategic hamlet ‘safe villages’ to stop the viet cong from getting supplies but was really relocating poor people and destroying their homes
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9
Q

strategic hamlets

A

safe villages created by Ngo Dien dinh that were to stop the viet cong getting supplies and soldiers from small villages but really just relocated the poor and destroyed their areas

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10
Q

beginning of the viet civil war

A
  • 1959
  • ho chi minhs north announces they will begin a war with the south with the backing of the viet cong
  • the viet cong begin a guerilla war in the south
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11
Q

reasons for the USA involvement in the viet war

A
  • the viet congs guerella tactics were v successful and the south gov was in danger
  • the usa deeply feared the dominoe effect on south asia
  • they had given millions to aid the french and advise ngo dinh dien and would be humilated, it was clear their methods of peace were not successful to stop communsims
  • in 1963 ngo dinh diens own south forces overhtrew the gov and killed him, this was a chance for the usa to get involved to ensure stability
  • a us navel vessel was destroyed in 64 by north viet boats- this gave johnson the chance to retaliate
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12
Q

mnemonic for the usas tactics in the war

A

BEAST

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13
Q

how the us used bombing

A

a operation nicknamed rolling thunder, johnson sent specific military targets in north viet in areas that supply viet cong ajd its capital
the us dropped 3m tonnes of bombs
their bombing was often wasted and innacurate as they had little idea of the jungle and there was few industrial targets

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14
Q

how the us used escalation

A

throughout 65 and 66 the us sent increasingly above 200k troops into vietnam, making it clear they no longer were working as advisors

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15
Q

how the us used air and artilery

A

when the us would sent soldiers in to the jungle it was oftne as bait for them to fall in to a guerella viet cong war trap, airand artilery would follow the soldiers
this demoralised soldiers who felt used

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16
Q

how the us used search and destroy

A

the us had a tactic of ‘taking the battle to the enemy’
they would send in troops to jungle or village areas to deraw out guerella vt cong groups, making them easy targets
this also lead to huge citizen casualties and mass destruction of local villages

17
Q

how the us used technology

A
  • they would use jets to distribute napalm, burning skin to the bone, in areas of viet cong
  • they dropped tactical bombs over north viet
    -they used agent orange to expose guerella jungle area
  • hellicopters found guerella areas
  • tech was used on tvs to relay propaganda of success and a ‘body count’ back to the us
18
Q

ways the US tactics failed

A
  • bombing; rolling thunder failed as there were little industrial targets and the usa did not have a jungle so bombs missed guerilla a lot. The viet cong knew jungle and had lots of tunnels to hide, they would use unexploded bombs back at the us
  • search and destroy: in 68 us soldiers killed 300 citizens in the village of my lai incl children. Many south viets began to back the viet cong
  • media: incidents like my lai made the public dislike the war. Photos of napalm effects and soldiers burning citizens were very public in the us and caused horror
  • lack of support: many opposed and disliked the war due to media and its purpose. many resisted the draft. protestors at a uni were attacked and 4 killed- this lead many to turn against the gov and their extent goig for a bad cause
19
Q

ways the viet cong succeeded

A
  • guerilla warfare: they had very successful jungle knowlege. Their methods of hit and run attacks and traps such as punji sticks were mentally panicing for inexperienced soldiers. they also had built tunnels and portection against us bombing
  • ho chi minh trail: a long trail from north to the guerilla fighters winding around nearby countries was a consat stream of aid the entire time, it was bombed but NEVER stopped
  • test offensive: the viet cong launched a huge attack on us areas under the disguise of buddhist new year- though the us eventually pushed them back it was aclear message the us tactics were not working.
20
Q

when did nixon take over

A

in 69 after johnson chose not to rerun due to criticism

21
Q

nixon ideas that lead his opinions on viet

A
  • he was anti communist but worried about a nuclear war
  • his ‘ping pong policy’ meant he visited both china and the USSR in 72 after a pig pong team did the year prior- less scared of thte communist powers than previous presidets
  • he worried about the us casulaties in viet
22
Q

vietamisation

A

the idea proposed by nixon where he would build up the south vietnam forces with allies and south viet people so they could continue to fight without the us

23
Q

reasons for peace in vietnam

A
  • the war, casulties, and its reasoning had been hugely criticised
  • the war was fincncially a lot on the us
  • vietnamisation had shown that containment was not huge to the us anymore and they only wanted to use troops when something affected them
  • fear of communism was less as the superpowers were improving relations
24
Q

date and leaders of the paris peace accords

A
  • paris in 1973
  • us was lead by kissinger ad nixon
  • north viet was lead by le duc tho
25
Q

negotations in the paris peace accords

A
  • in oct 72 south viet had refused to agree to anything due to worry that the us was abandoning them to lose the war
  • in 73 in paris the us did a good cop bad cop act; kissinger showed peace ideas whilst nixon threateed a mass attack. Nixon increased bombing until nroth viet agreed
  • nixon them ordered south viet to sign
26
Q

reason for nixon increasing bombing

A
  • to alter the ho chi minh trail and main vietcong areas
  • to push north viet to peace negotiations
27
Q

outcome of the paris peace talks

A
  • in 1975 the us scrambled in viet to remove all of their forces and all south allies from viet
  • in april 1975 the viet cong and the north took over the capital of saigon and vietnam became unified under communism
28
Q

consequences of the us defeat

A
  • the us method of contaiment and their military power had both failed hugely
  • propagnda of containemnt as a crusade to stop communsim was ruined by the medias broadcast of the my lai masscare and the napalm usage]
  • their actions had lead loas and cambodia to join communism with viet
  • they lost up to 40k us soldiers and harmed 700k veterans
  • it cost 100 B dollars
  • contaiment had been replaced by detente
  • public began to question the gov- kent uni shooting

History gcse (20 decks)

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