land war and trade Flashcards
1
Q
How Charles came into his colonies and which two
A
- wedding gift/ dowry of Catherine
- tangier and Bombay
2
Q
Impact of tangier
A
- North Africa
- entrance to Mediterranean so good placement
- hard to keep off Moroccans who fought to regain the land
- seen as a Catholic haven
- abandoned by Charles in 83- shows colonies can fail
3
Q
Impact of Bombay
A
- swampy are w little interest to Charles
- he rented it to the east India compagne which gave it a monopoly on english trade
- they traded luxury goods such as silk and spice
- began a colony in India that would become the Brits India colony
- very wealthy so couod employ lots of Brits
4
Q
Significance of North American colonies
A
- took land from indigenous which was very fatal for them
- created tensions w the Dutch after the engkish took new Amsterdam
- many religious groups took to America as a haven such as the quakers and the non conformists
- ride growing thrived in Carolina
- Hudson Bay became very successful in fur trade with the First Nation people and made the Brits huge money
5
Q
Battles for colonies in the Caribbean
A
- under the oc- england Spain and france were fighting for the caribean
- Henry Morgan was allowed to raid enemy ports
- in 55 England captured Jamaica from the Spanish
6
Q
Impact of trade w colonies
A
- began British empire
- traders became very rich and could buy large property in England
- many traders used money to fund charitably such as hospitals and schools
- fury’s and silks impacted fashion
- smoking impacted health
- tea and coffee
- coffee houses
7
Q
Mercantilism
A
The belief that all countries are competing for a fixed amount of trade
8
Q
How to act successfully on mercantilism
A
- export more than import
- have colonies over seas and trade within those- triangular trade
- this means england could import goods from their own colonies making themselves more money
9
Q
What and when we’re the navigation acts
A
- series of laws passed to keep profits of trade within the english merchants and traders
- passed in 51,60 and 73
- PROTECTIONSIT policy , meaning all have their income increased- both Charles and the merchants
10
Q
Key navigation acts
A
- all trade between colonies and England was done on English ships
- 3/4 of sailors had to be english
- goods produced in English colonies had to be exported to englidh areas
- 63, all colonies goods had to pass england to be taxed
- 63, all colonies could only buy manafactured goods eg pots and guns from England
- 73, English colonies can’t trade directly without the third party of England
11
Q
What did merchantilism lead to
A
- privateers attacking ships
- smuggling to avoid high taxes
12
Q
Reasons for grow of slave trade
A
- DEVELOPEMENT of plantations meant huge labour demand
- increased profits as they didn’t pay slaves
- indigenous had weak immune systems and couldn’t provide the Labour as too sick
- sugar Tabasco and cotton were very in style in England
13
Q
Justification for slave trade
A
- slavery is biblically moral
- money could be made
- white was superior
14
Q
Slavery in the triangular trade
A
- maximised english profits
- goods were taken to Africa eg guns and pots
- africa took slaves to the America’s
- crops made by slaves were shipped back to England
- this is the royal africa company
15
Q
Benefitters of the slave trade
A
- city ports became very rich leading to new homes and buildings
- slave traders became very rich
- ship owners could leave work to captain and become v rich
- manafacturers became very rich for making slavery équipement
16
Q
Impact of slave trade socially
A
- hundreds of Africans had terrible life conditions which impacted individuals, families
- weat africa lost millions in population
- African peoples treatment due to the biblical teachings lead to a racist legacy that affects soceity to this day
17
Q
Impact of slave trade economically
A
- traders could build huge houses as well as donate to schools and hospitals or build them
- work was created for those in industrial businesses
- lead to Industrial Revolution
- charles made lotsnof moneg from shares that took him out of his debt
18
Q
How was the navy run
A
- england was an island so needed a strong navy
- typically the lord admiral was a royal
- it had been jsmes before he was replaced with his cousin Rupert
- Samuel Pepys was chief secutary in charge of admissions
19
Q
How was the navy recruited for
A
- many signed up as it promised a steady job working for England
- when enrolment was low hangs would go into towns and cities and take recruits from inns
20
Q
How was life in the navy
A
- hard and unpleasent
- thoigj it did improve as did wages
21
Q
Blue water policy
A
- navy protected trading ships and ports
- protects the navy and the traders- mutually sustaining
- taxes from trade used to fund navy
22
Q
Line of battle tactic
A
- all line up sideways to the enemy
- cannons are more concentrated to the enemy and less likely to hit own ship
23
Q
dates and cause of the second dutch war
A
- dutch war 1 was in 52 under the OC
- this with mercantilism meant james encourages charles to go to war to reduce dutch colonies and trade
- 63-67
24
Q
events of dutch war up to 66
A
- between 63-65 the english began to raid dutch areas, capture new amsterdam and declare war
- in lowestoft the brits lead by james won and lost 32 dutch ships
- montagu took over as james was hier to the throne
- france joined the dutch in 1666
- faliures this year in the port of bergan and the four days battle
- however later in 1666 the brits broke a dutch blockade on the thames and destroyed over 150 ships
25
Q
dutch war 2 in 67
A
- charles became over confidet as he was starting negotations with the french and sent many sailors home
- the dutch had built 40 new ships
- the battle of medway was in a poorly defended thames estuary which the dutch blockaded ad massively won
- charles had to agree to trady of breda
26
Q
events of the third dutch war
A
- charles agrees ith french in the 1670 treaty of dover to back eachother in war w the dutch
- the battle of sole bay, schooveld channel and texel were all lost by the brits
- in 74 charles siged peace treaty of westminster
27
Q
disagreements w charles and parliment due to the secod/third dutch war
A
- battle of medway lead charles to blain claredon and bring in cabal
- many were upset we were closely allied with the french istead of protestnant dutch
- moey was needed for plauge and fire and at that point taxes couldt be collected due to these so money was very scarce
- parlimet didnt like charlses close relationship with france
28
Q
reasons for loss in the secod dutch war
A
- lack of money
- plauge and fire meant lack of supplies
- poor leadership from montagu after james left
- poor defence in the esturary in the thames
- charlses overconfidence in sending sailors home
29
Q
reasons for loss in the third dutch war
A
- no parliment support
- poor leadership
- merchant ships attacked by the dutch wanted end to war
- many were wary of a war that relied on support from catholic france
30
Q
Spain in resto England
A
- Spain was a rival for trade and colonies
- they were very rich of gold exploiting in south and Central America eg Porto bello
- they were under consant battle with the nagherlands to keep under spanish rule
- they were fairly weak in resto england
- Spanish ships were often targeted by buckaneers
- the 1670 treaty of Madrid looked to peace w england but failed
- Spain needed money from trade and colonies to keep fighting the Dutch
31
Q
Charles’s relationship with france
A
- charles mother was french and his sister married into the family
- in exile he spent time with his cousin louis in the french court
- he was very inspired by Louis as a strong Catholic dictator who believed in the div right of kings
- England was very inspired by the french fashion and baroque styles
32
Q
Importance of france to charles
A
- 1670 treaty of Dover meant charles had backing of france in a war against the Dutch
- secretly it meant he had to be Catholic and so could receive their funding
- charles used the french funding in order to rule without Parliament
- the 1667 treaty between frwnce and England was a trade agreement
33
Q
Relationship between England france and Netherlands in the 70s
A
- france backed Netherlands against Spain
- T of Dover in 70 allied france and England against the Dutch
- in 78 france and Netherlands were in conflict, Charles wanted to get involved but in the french side whilst the government would only fund the Dutch
- he secretly allied with the french
34
Q
Parliments fear of france
A
- charles admired his cousin Louis
- treaty of dover
- Louis bad made Protestantism illegal and was prosecuting ‘hugeunots’ or Protestants
- france and Spain were allied and they were both strong Catholics
- gov we’re consantly upset charles favoured the french iver the Dutch such as in 78 and the 72-74 third Dutch war
35
Q
Impact of Charles’s foreign policy
A
- england had to have a strong navy
- Englands ties w frwnce and hence Spain meant a fear of Catholics and a rift with parliment
- charles had funding and military backing from the french
- Dutch wars were very expensive
- loss of Dutch war was humiliating
