Medival times Flashcards
how did war cause the magna carta
john was consnatly fighting the french foor land and lost huge amounts of the land he started with incl normandy, huge contrast to his lionheart brother
economy as a factor of magna carta
-john continually raised the taxes in order to afford fighting the french but they felt useless as he kept losing land
-he would fine people thousands to pay mercinaries in france
-he introduced his tax, scutage which he made barons and knights pay instead of going to war themselves, he called for it eleven times
religion as a factor of magna carta
-john didnt like the popes archbishop and tried to stop him so the pope banned all church services in england for five years-
-as a very reliious country people resented him for this and feared they were going to hell
-the pope said ti was not a sin to kill the king
role of indiv as a factor of magna carta
-John was a weak and arbitrary ruler who was nicknamed soft sword
- Stephen Langton worked with the barons to devise the Magna Carta
where and when was the magna carta
in 1215 the barons marched on london unhappy with johns arbutrary rule and he met them at runnymeded
main points of the magna carta
everyone had the right to a fair triall (including the king)
Barons can’t be fined randomly
King can’t be involved in the church
taxes had to be areed on and couldnt be randomly increased
a pannel of 25 barons would make sure he stuck to it
short term effects of the magna carta
-john didnt follow it and they went back to war with the barons trying to crown the french prince Louis, he died shortly after so his young son was accepted as king. in 1225 his son henry resigned
-The Magna Carta did not influence the majority of England only John and the barons- no peasents
long term effects of magna carta
-its an early proof of a king abiding to his subjects laws
-remains a symbol of freedom and democracy
-some of the clauses eg fair trial is still used in law today
- it was quoted historically in the ameican constitution and the english civil war as well as intertionally in fight for rights in mexico and the philapines
- Began to apply to more people as the poor got more rights so became more significant over time
what was simon de monforts conflict about
-he was the kings brother in law and baron
- very on off relationship w Henry
-he was very moral and christian so disagreed with henrys abrutatry ruling
-on a personal level he wanted power for himself and not the tight circle of ‘aliens’ in the kings circle
- Henry put him on triall often
- Henry owed him a large dowry
significance of simon de monforts actions
-first time the ideas of commoners had impacted politics as he summoned them to express their feelings
-edward I set up a model parliment under simons ideas
-it scared future kings out of disobeying the Magna Carta
-inspired democratic movements to come
-Henry removed his changes
- matyr for freedom
policial/ social causes of second barons war
henry was very close with the enemy french, had many advisors
rejected the magna carta based provisons of oxford which asked for a parliment of barons
he employed a very small circle of royalists and all other citizens were excluded
henry was extravagant and ruled in an arbuttary manner
war factor of the second barons war
henry lost two large french wars
economy factor of the 2nd baons war
like john, henry raised the taxes on a poor country so he could fight wars and no morale was raised aas he cpnstantly lost them
henry was consantaly short on money
political cause of the peasents revolt
the new king was young and many assumed he would be easily receptable to change
economic causes of the peasents revolt
-as the black death killed half of britain labourers were in much higher demand, as was the prices people wuld pay for peasents- but the landowners werent happy and the gov appeased them by lowering the allowed wage to pre Black Death w the statue of labourers
-Sumptuary laws, regulated clothes and food of the poor
-they introduced the poll tax which meant that peasents and nobelemn had to pay the same tax which was very unfair- even when lessened it was still inproportionate to their wages
religious causes of the peasents revolt
radical priest john ball encouraged hisfollowers to go against the hierachy as it is not biblically acurate
key events of the peasents revolt
in kent the rebells refuse a poll tax collector,
the rebellion in kent starts lead by wat tyler, they storm maidstone prison breaking out john ball and then head to london.
in blackheath john preaches to the people of the message of equality- they go to central and set fire to things, at the tower they kill the trreasurer and the archbishop.
richard meets them once in mile end and the next day in smitherfield where hes confronted by wat- who is killed. richard stops a potential fight outbreak with the promise of helping peasents so they disperse.
short term effects of the peasents revolt
richard rounded up and killed the leaders of the revolt, bertayong their trust
simon de monfort actions
overturned the king in the 1264-67 barons war
re issued magna carta
invited commoners to express their feelings in parliment
social causes of the peasents revolt
because the need for labourers was desparate as black death killed half of england the workers knew they had more power
though opposed with sumptuary, bans on wages and game laws they still had a shift in poer for example they mass poached against the law
war causes of the peasents revolt
england was again losing their war with france, france was coming to england in fleets and burning towns- anger towards the gov
Second poll tax was implemented to deal with this
long term effects of the peasents revolt
-rattled upper class members of soceity a lot
-many property owners allowed people to pay for wages rather than under their ownership, 70 years on all people could
-poll tax riots ran true of the revolt, no king ever imposed poll tax again
-teachings of john ball are often used to criticse a harsh capitalist soceity
- peasent wages continued to rise
role of the indiv in the peasents revolt
watt tyler and john ball
Government as a factor in the Magna Carta
- John was charging the barons scutage
- he refused to accept the barons terms in the Carta
Communication as a factor in the Magna Carta
- barons made alliances with the king of Scotland and louis of france to replace John
Provisions of Oxford
- all foreigners or ‘aliens’ should be banished from the royal household
- gives barons power over kings decision making
- king refused to sign
- SDM lead army army against the king due to this and captured him
Why is Simon seen as father of Parliament
- in 1265 he invited commoners to Parliament in exchange for tax
- first time commoners could give opinions on National matters
- didn’t consult other barons
Religion as a factor of Simon de Montfort
- Simon was very religious and frugal and so understood morality very highly
Chance as a factor for the sinon de Montfort
He did not invite commoners with the knowlege it would affect kings and ideas afterwards
Ideas as a factor of Simon de Montfort
- Simon had the idea of calling representatives for the commoners to Parliament
Chance as a factor of the peasents revolt
The fact that kent and Brentwood rebellions happened at the same time is luck and meant more people were marching on london
Ideas as a cause of the peasents revolt
John balls ideas of equality and an end to poverty became very popular
