the 19th century Flashcards
early attempts to halt the slave trade
the quakers in the 1780s presentd an anti slave trade petiton over a captain who had killed his slaves and walked free of murder- very dehumanising
solcieities against slave trade set up and persuaded william wilberforth to speak against it
hundreds of partitions
a gov inquiry gained them publicity
thomas clarkson went around the world gathering facts on the slave trade to shock and persuade the public
roles of individuals in the reform movements
Thomas Clarkson was a skilled scolar and essay writer who helped oragnise the anti slavery society, he travlled across the world gathering hard evidence so people could not deny the atoricites of the slave trade
William wilberforth was a very gifted speaker who introduced the abolisition in the goverment and tried to pass a bill annually
the quakers soceity presented onto of the frst petitions and helped organise the first meetings with thomas
Lord Shaftsbury worked to help lunatics, child labour laws and educated children in poverty
ways the abolitionshonists worked
loads of factual evidence from thomas clarkson
103 petitions sent to parliment
very good lecturers
merchadnise such as pottery
books poems and plays- there were a lot of very interlectual people working for human rights isnt that telling
they did huge boycots of areas selling west inda companies sugars
in 1807-33 slavery was entierly abolished
war as a factor of chartism and slave abolition
the napoleonic wars meant that a lot of people had to back the gov and so support aganst them for a change in laws waned
However it also helped as it gave them an opportunity to ask who was truly free in soceity
social issue as a factor for slavery abolition
this is a rare example of people caring for otehrs wellbeing especially those deemd inferior from oher countries, the people completely brought about the movement
economy as a factor of the anti corn laws
in 1815 after the nepoleonic wars the gov passed the corn laws making prices for home made corn muc easier than foriegn ones, showed how gov backed farmers and land owners but not the buyers or the workers
rich people problems with the corn laws
as their employers spent money on the expensive bread they had to higher wages, increasing costs meaning goods were too expensive and people lost jobs
as countries now had bg taxes on trading w britain they didnt have the money to buy brittish goods
very selfish
success and workings of the anti corn laws actions
they had parleimnt support
they were one issue group so clear on their ideas
there was a lot of middle class and factory owner support so there was no violecne instead mass speakngs
thr richer audience meant they got a lot of voters and leauge seats in parliment
They used sympathetic mps to gain votes in industrial areas
gov as a factor for the reform movement
the largely conservative goverment dd not want to seem weak and give in to ideas of the poor
they were highly against the chartists as it diminished their own power and the repeal of the corn laws killed its goverments career in 45
gov as a factor in trade union movements
they passed acts stopping groups of workers combning to make unions
they tried to ban strikes and were painted as opressors eg over the tollpuddle matryrs even then had to make their own way home
troops were sent to physically force them back to work
many laws restrained powers from the initial bans on combining groups of workers as a union, bans on employees breaking contracts and mans on picketing
they feared uprisings like the french rev
economy as a factor for trade unions
they started off as a defense as groups were incredibly worried they were losing their rights and money
Mass movement to towns and cities meant huge poveryy
it was fairly hard to join societies if you were the poor as they cost money you couldnt pay in famines- model unions were for the richer whilst new unionism was for poorer and less skilled masses
role of indivuals for the trade unions
tolpuddle matrys in feb 1834- very kind and relious six men met legally but made an oath deemed llegal, they wanted to save their families from starvation but got sent to australia. ths was a clear sign of curruption and an emblem of govs wrongness- 200000 marched and 800000 signed a petition for them and their families were paid for. they came back after three years with new farms and Loveless publsihed pamphlets, they all became campaigners and symbols ofthe effects of society and the govs laws on poverty
Aj Mundella- factory owner who used good teachniques to pay hgh wages and keep work hours lower, he helped speak for trade unions in parliemnt and guide the act in 71
Annie beasant- she wrote articles exposing the treatment of non skilled female workers, match girls got brain tumours from the phorsepheous in their factories and when employers told them to state they were well treated they refused, they went on strike and won
Robert owen- set up first trade union and helped factory rights both in 1833
social stuff as a factor for trade unions
there was a new sense of community as many lower class non skilled wokrers formed unions and got more rights than they ever had prior
- match girls, gas workers and dock workers completely striked as well as mass sympathy strikes and were all given their demands
long term significance of the slave trade
was the last time that huamns were used legally without pay as property, also showed the power of humans and compassion for one another
actually a big win for protests
long term sig of workers rights
the labour party started in response to the fact no party not even the libs were deliverng the requests of the unions which eventually bacme the second largest aprty to this day
- first time gov really started to care about minority rights
- with stuff like the tollpuddle it was clear the public could influence laws of what was criminal
- strikes like matchgirls were first examples of women and non skilled people having rights
